TEST BANK FORju ju
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
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Chapter 1-27
ju
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
MULTIPLE CHOICE ju
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generallyconsidered to be
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B j u
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. ju
ANS: C j u
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powd
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ers derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. recognize self from nonself. ju ju ju
b. defend the body against nonself. ju ju ju ju
c. amplify specific functions. ju ju
d. Both A and B. ju ju ju
ANS: D j u
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body against
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effect
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
or mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immu
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ne system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
(e.g., complement).
ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
ju ju ju ju ju
a. natural resistance. ju
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. ju ju ju ju
PlusBay.Plus
, c. an autoimmune disorder. ju ju
d. recovery from infectious disease. ju ju ju
ANS: C j u
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resis
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
tance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause many d
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
isorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplanted orga
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
n, or an autoimmune disorder.
ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. ju ju ju
ANS: D j u
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with the
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju j
udistinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation amon
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
g different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymphocytes
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In add
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ition, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Coopera
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
tion is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
products, and nonlymphoid elements. ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. immediate hours after conception ju ju ju
b. second month of gestation. ju ju ju
c. second trimester of gestation. ju ju ju
d. periods of severe anemia in children. ju ju ju ju ju
ANS: A j u
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embryo
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ju ju
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow. ju ju ju ju
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen. ju ju ju ju
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. ju ju ju ju
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac. ju ju ju ju
ANS: A j u
PlusBay.Plus
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of th
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
e yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the yolk sa
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
c as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes th
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
e major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearan
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ce. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marro
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
w begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ju ju
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. to reduce inflammation. ju ju
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
ju ju ju ju ju ju
c. antigen recognition. ju
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D j u
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal syst
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
em, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflam
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
matory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an i
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ntruding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
in severe infections.
ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ju ju
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. ju ju ju
ANS: D j u
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases ju ju ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated w
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ith:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba ju
c. allergic reactions ju
d. bacteria
ANS: C j u
PlusBay.Plus
, An increase in eosinophils is associated with a wide variety of conditions, but especially with al
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
lergic reactions, drug reactions, certain skin disorders, parasitic infestations, collagen vascular
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
diseases, Hodgkin disease, and myeloproliferative diseases.
ju ju ju ju ju
A functional property related to the membrane receptors of the eosinophil is the cell’s ability to
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
interact with the larval stages of some helminth parasites and damage them by oxidative mecha
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
nisms. Certain proteins released from eosinophilic granules damage antibody-
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
coated Schistosoma parasites and may account for damage to endothelial cells in hypereosinop
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
hilic syndromes. ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
11. A basophil degranulates in a(n)
ju ju ju ju
a. inflammatory reaction. ju
b. immediate (acute) hypersensitivity reaction. ju ju ju
c. chronic tissue rejection. ju ju
d. Both A and B. ju ju ju
ANS: B j u
Basophils have high concentrations of heparin and histamine in their granules. If events are trigg
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ered by antigens from pollen, food, drugs, or insect venom, the result is an immediate hypersen
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
sitivity reaction. ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ju ju
12. Mononuclear cells are effective phagocytic cells against ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. staphylococci.
b. streptococci.
c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ju
d. pneumonia.
ANS: C j u
Mononuclear cells are particularly effective as phagocytic cells because of the large amounts of
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju j
lipase in their cytoplasm. Lipase is able to attack bacteria with a lipid capsule, such as Mycoba
u ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
cterium tuberculosis. ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
13. Macrophages
a. process antigens. ju
b. physically present biologically modified antigens to lymphocytes. ju ju ju ju ju ju
c. secrete a lymphocyte-activating factor (IL- ju ju ju ju
1) as a result of proper MHC recognition.
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
d. All of the above. ju ju ju
ANS: D j u
The phagocytic property of the macrophage is particularly important in the processing of antigen
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
s as part of the immune response. Macrophages are believed to process antigens and physically pr
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
esent this biochemically modified and more reactive form of antigen to lymphocytes (particularl
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
y T helper cells) as an initial step in the immune response.
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ju ju
PlusBay.Plus
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
Chapter 1-27
ju
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
MULTIPLE CHOICE ju
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generallyconsidered to be
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B j u
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. ju
ANS: C j u
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powd
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ers derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. recognize self from nonself. ju ju ju
b. defend the body against nonself. ju ju ju ju
c. amplify specific functions. ju ju
d. Both A and B. ju ju ju
ANS: D j u
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body against
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effect
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
or mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immu
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ne system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
(e.g., complement).
ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
ju ju ju ju ju
a. natural resistance. ju
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. ju ju ju ju
PlusBay.Plus
, c. an autoimmune disorder. ju ju
d. recovery from infectious disease. ju ju ju
ANS: C j u
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resis
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
tance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause many d
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
isorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplanted orga
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
n, or an autoimmune disorder.
ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. ju ju ju
ANS: D j u
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with the
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju j
udistinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation amon
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
g different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymphocytes
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In add
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ition, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Coopera
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
tion is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
products, and nonlymphoid elements. ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. immediate hours after conception ju ju ju
b. second month of gestation. ju ju ju
c. second trimester of gestation. ju ju ju
d. periods of severe anemia in children. ju ju ju ju ju
ANS: A j u
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embryo
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ju ju
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow. ju ju ju ju
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen. ju ju ju ju
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. ju ju ju ju
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac. ju ju ju ju
ANS: A j u
PlusBay.Plus
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of th
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
e yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the yolk sa
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
c as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes th
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
e major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearan
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ce. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marro
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
w begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ju ju
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. to reduce inflammation. ju ju
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
ju ju ju ju ju ju
c. antigen recognition. ju
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D j u
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal syst
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
em, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflam
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
matory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an i
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ntruding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
in severe infections.
ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ju ju
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. ju ju ju
ANS: D j u
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases ju ju ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated w
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ith:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba ju
c. allergic reactions ju
d. bacteria
ANS: C j u
PlusBay.Plus
, An increase in eosinophils is associated with a wide variety of conditions, but especially with al
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
lergic reactions, drug reactions, certain skin disorders, parasitic infestations, collagen vascular
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
diseases, Hodgkin disease, and myeloproliferative diseases.
ju ju ju ju ju
A functional property related to the membrane receptors of the eosinophil is the cell’s ability to
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
interact with the larval stages of some helminth parasites and damage them by oxidative mecha
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
nisms. Certain proteins released from eosinophilic granules damage antibody-
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
coated Schistosoma parasites and may account for damage to endothelial cells in hypereosinop
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
hilic syndromes. ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
11. A basophil degranulates in a(n)
ju ju ju ju
a. inflammatory reaction. ju
b. immediate (acute) hypersensitivity reaction. ju ju ju
c. chronic tissue rejection. ju ju
d. Both A and B. ju ju ju
ANS: B j u
Basophils have high concentrations of heparin and histamine in their granules. If events are trigg
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
ered by antigens from pollen, food, drugs, or insect venom, the result is an immediate hypersen
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
sitivity reaction. ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ju ju
12. Mononuclear cells are effective phagocytic cells against ju ju ju ju ju ju
a. staphylococci.
b. streptococci.
c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ju
d. pneumonia.
ANS: C j u
Mononuclear cells are particularly effective as phagocytic cells because of the large amounts of
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju j
lipase in their cytoplasm. Lipase is able to attack bacteria with a lipid capsule, such as Mycoba
u ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
cterium tuberculosis. ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ju ju
13. Macrophages
a. process antigens. ju
b. physically present biologically modified antigens to lymphocytes. ju ju ju ju ju ju
c. secrete a lymphocyte-activating factor (IL- ju ju ju ju
1) as a result of proper MHC recognition.
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
d. All of the above. ju ju ju
ANS: D j u
The phagocytic property of the macrophage is particularly important in the processing of antigen
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
s as part of the immune response. Macrophages are believed to process antigens and physically pr
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
esent this biochemically modified and more reactive form of antigen to lymphocytes (particularl
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
y T helper cells) as an initial step in the immune response.
ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju ju
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ju ju
PlusBay.Plus
