APRN pharmacology- HESI PREP questions
and well verified 100% answers highly
graded a+
Why do post menopausal women have problems with osteoporosis? - CORRECT
ANSWERS--Loss of estrogen causes loss of metabolic effects on the many systems,
including bones, liver, blood vessels, brain, CNS, kidneys, and skin.
What is the primary function of LH? - CORRECT ANSWERS--stimulates theca cells to
produce androgens
What does FSH do to androgens? - CORRECT ANSWERS--induces the conversion of
the androgen to estrogen.
The estrogen is done released into the bloodstream.
What can disrupt the pathways creating estrogen? - CORRECT ANSWERS--
hypothalamus secretion of GNRH, LH FSH secretion by anterior pituitary hormonal
feedback mechanisms, structural integrity of the ovaries, etc.
Any abnormality that can affect this pathway can cause abnormalities in estrogen
production
What stimulates the secretion of progesterone? - CORRECT ANSWERS--the second
major female sex hormone, and its secretion is stimulated by LH.
When does LH increase? - CORRECT ANSWERS--LH increases when there is a peak
estrogen level, about 45 to 36 hours before ovulation.
What two hormones control the menstrual cycle? - CORRECT ANSWERS--Together,
estrogen and progesterone control the menstrual cycle by their complementary and
opposing effects.
What hormone is known as the hormone of pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWERS--
Progesterone is many times called the hormone of
pregnancy due to as many effects on pregnancy.
progesterone function in pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS--1. maintains thickened
endometrium for implantation of the blastocyst
2. relaxes the smooth muscle in the myometrium, which prevents premature
contractions and helps the uterus expand.
,3. thickens the myometrium which prepares it for labor.
4. prevents lactation until the baby is born
5. prevents additional maturation of ova by suppressing FSH LH, thus stopping the
menstrual cycle during pregnancy.
Androgens are primarily _______ hormones - CORRECT ANSWERS--male sex
Which organ produces androgens in females? - CORRECT ANSWERS--Those small
amounts are produced in the ovary and adrenal cortex, and women.
What do androgens do? - CORRECT ANSWERS--They contribute to skeletal growth
spurts and pubic and axillary hair growth during puberty, as well as activates sebaceous
glands
They also play a role in libido.
Name the 3 Phases of the menstrual cycle - CORRECT ANSWERS--There are three
phases: the follicular and proliferative phase, the Luteal/secretory phase, and the
ischemic and menstrual phase, or menstruation.
Describes what happens in the Follicular/proliferative phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS--
Right after menstruation, when the functional layer of endometrium disintegrates and is
discharged from the vagina, the follicular, and proliferative phase starts.
This phase named for two simultaneous processes: maturation of an ovarian follicle
and proliferation of the endometrium.
• During this phase, a number of follicles are stimulated to mature
• the anterior pituitary gland has a pulsatile secretion of FSH that rescues a dominant
ovarian follicle from apoptosis or programmed cell death.
When the follicle is developing, FSH induces increase estrogen production
FSH and estrogen together induces increase FSH receptors and LH receptors which in
turn increases estrogen production.
As estrogen increases, it causes the cells of the endometrium to proliferate, which
leads us to the proliferative phase.
The follicular/proliferative phase is stimulated by _____ - CORRECT ANSWERS--
(stimulated by high FSH)
Right after menstruation, when the functional layer of endometrium disintegrates and is
discharged from the vagina, the follicular, and _________starts. - CORRECT
ANSWERS--proliferative phase
Proliferative phase named for two simultaneous processes: - CORRECT ANSWERS--
maturation of an ovarian follicle and proliferation of the endometrium.
During the proliferative phase, a ___________are stimulated to mature - CORRECT
ANSWERS--number of follicles
, What happens to rescue the dominant follicle from apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWERS--
the anterior pituitary gland has a pulsatile secretion of FSH that rescues a dominant
ovarian follicle from apoptosis or programmed cell death.
When the follicle is developing, _____induces increase estrogen production -
CORRECT ANSWERS--FSH
_________and ______ induces increase FSH receptors and LH receptors which in turn
increases estrogen production. - CORRECT ANSWERS--FSH and estrogen together i
What happens as estrogen increases - CORRECT ANSWERS--, it causes the cells of
the endometrium to proliferate, which leads us to the proliferative phase
What happens in the proliferative phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS--Proliferative phase
A final surge of LH about two days before ovulation causes progesterone production
and a decrease in estrogen secretion.
Final maturation of the dominant follicle then occurs, which brings us to the follicular
phase. By the time they'll very follicles matured, the endometrial lining is restored from
its previous sloth off about 14 days ago.
What happens in the follicular phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS--Final maturation of the
dominant follicle then occurs, which brings us to the follicular phase. By the time they'll
very follicles matured, the endometrial lining is restored from its previous sloth off about
14 days ago.
When does luteal/secretory phase start? - CORRECT ANSWERS--ovulation
What is the luteal phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS--During this phase, the ovarian
follicle begins its transformation into a corpus luteum. Thus, we have the luteal phase.
luteal/secretory phase is stimulated by - CORRECT ANSWERS--(stimulated by LH
surge):
What pituitary stimulates this corpus luteum to decrease progesterone? - CORRECT
ANSWERS--Pulsatile secretion of LH from the anterior pituitary stimulates this corpus
luteum who decrease progesterone, which in turn initiates the secretory phase of
endometrial development.
What is the secretory phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS--After LH stimulated the corpus
luteum to decrease progesterone (which initiated the endometrial development) Glands
and blood vessels in the endometrium start to branch throughout and begin to secrete a
thin, flaky and glycogen rich fluid.
Thus, we have our secretory phase.
This prepares the endometrium with nutrients ready for implantation, should it occur. If
implantation does not occur, the corpus luteum disintegrates and and ceases.
and well verified 100% answers highly
graded a+
Why do post menopausal women have problems with osteoporosis? - CORRECT
ANSWERS--Loss of estrogen causes loss of metabolic effects on the many systems,
including bones, liver, blood vessels, brain, CNS, kidneys, and skin.
What is the primary function of LH? - CORRECT ANSWERS--stimulates theca cells to
produce androgens
What does FSH do to androgens? - CORRECT ANSWERS--induces the conversion of
the androgen to estrogen.
The estrogen is done released into the bloodstream.
What can disrupt the pathways creating estrogen? - CORRECT ANSWERS--
hypothalamus secretion of GNRH, LH FSH secretion by anterior pituitary hormonal
feedback mechanisms, structural integrity of the ovaries, etc.
Any abnormality that can affect this pathway can cause abnormalities in estrogen
production
What stimulates the secretion of progesterone? - CORRECT ANSWERS--the second
major female sex hormone, and its secretion is stimulated by LH.
When does LH increase? - CORRECT ANSWERS--LH increases when there is a peak
estrogen level, about 45 to 36 hours before ovulation.
What two hormones control the menstrual cycle? - CORRECT ANSWERS--Together,
estrogen and progesterone control the menstrual cycle by their complementary and
opposing effects.
What hormone is known as the hormone of pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWERS--
Progesterone is many times called the hormone of
pregnancy due to as many effects on pregnancy.
progesterone function in pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS--1. maintains thickened
endometrium for implantation of the blastocyst
2. relaxes the smooth muscle in the myometrium, which prevents premature
contractions and helps the uterus expand.
,3. thickens the myometrium which prepares it for labor.
4. prevents lactation until the baby is born
5. prevents additional maturation of ova by suppressing FSH LH, thus stopping the
menstrual cycle during pregnancy.
Androgens are primarily _______ hormones - CORRECT ANSWERS--male sex
Which organ produces androgens in females? - CORRECT ANSWERS--Those small
amounts are produced in the ovary and adrenal cortex, and women.
What do androgens do? - CORRECT ANSWERS--They contribute to skeletal growth
spurts and pubic and axillary hair growth during puberty, as well as activates sebaceous
glands
They also play a role in libido.
Name the 3 Phases of the menstrual cycle - CORRECT ANSWERS--There are three
phases: the follicular and proliferative phase, the Luteal/secretory phase, and the
ischemic and menstrual phase, or menstruation.
Describes what happens in the Follicular/proliferative phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS--
Right after menstruation, when the functional layer of endometrium disintegrates and is
discharged from the vagina, the follicular, and proliferative phase starts.
This phase named for two simultaneous processes: maturation of an ovarian follicle
and proliferation of the endometrium.
• During this phase, a number of follicles are stimulated to mature
• the anterior pituitary gland has a pulsatile secretion of FSH that rescues a dominant
ovarian follicle from apoptosis or programmed cell death.
When the follicle is developing, FSH induces increase estrogen production
FSH and estrogen together induces increase FSH receptors and LH receptors which in
turn increases estrogen production.
As estrogen increases, it causes the cells of the endometrium to proliferate, which
leads us to the proliferative phase.
The follicular/proliferative phase is stimulated by _____ - CORRECT ANSWERS--
(stimulated by high FSH)
Right after menstruation, when the functional layer of endometrium disintegrates and is
discharged from the vagina, the follicular, and _________starts. - CORRECT
ANSWERS--proliferative phase
Proliferative phase named for two simultaneous processes: - CORRECT ANSWERS--
maturation of an ovarian follicle and proliferation of the endometrium.
During the proliferative phase, a ___________are stimulated to mature - CORRECT
ANSWERS--number of follicles
, What happens to rescue the dominant follicle from apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWERS--
the anterior pituitary gland has a pulsatile secretion of FSH that rescues a dominant
ovarian follicle from apoptosis or programmed cell death.
When the follicle is developing, _____induces increase estrogen production -
CORRECT ANSWERS--FSH
_________and ______ induces increase FSH receptors and LH receptors which in turn
increases estrogen production. - CORRECT ANSWERS--FSH and estrogen together i
What happens as estrogen increases - CORRECT ANSWERS--, it causes the cells of
the endometrium to proliferate, which leads us to the proliferative phase
What happens in the proliferative phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS--Proliferative phase
A final surge of LH about two days before ovulation causes progesterone production
and a decrease in estrogen secretion.
Final maturation of the dominant follicle then occurs, which brings us to the follicular
phase. By the time they'll very follicles matured, the endometrial lining is restored from
its previous sloth off about 14 days ago.
What happens in the follicular phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS--Final maturation of the
dominant follicle then occurs, which brings us to the follicular phase. By the time they'll
very follicles matured, the endometrial lining is restored from its previous sloth off about
14 days ago.
When does luteal/secretory phase start? - CORRECT ANSWERS--ovulation
What is the luteal phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS--During this phase, the ovarian
follicle begins its transformation into a corpus luteum. Thus, we have the luteal phase.
luteal/secretory phase is stimulated by - CORRECT ANSWERS--(stimulated by LH
surge):
What pituitary stimulates this corpus luteum to decrease progesterone? - CORRECT
ANSWERS--Pulsatile secretion of LH from the anterior pituitary stimulates this corpus
luteum who decrease progesterone, which in turn initiates the secretory phase of
endometrial development.
What is the secretory phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS--After LH stimulated the corpus
luteum to decrease progesterone (which initiated the endometrial development) Glands
and blood vessels in the endometrium start to branch throughout and begin to secrete a
thin, flaky and glycogen rich fluid.
Thus, we have our secretory phase.
This prepares the endometrium with nutrients ready for implantation, should it occur. If
implantation does not occur, the corpus luteum disintegrates and and ceases.
