PORTAGE LEARNING BIOL351
PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 7 TEST/EXAM
2025 |ANSWERED| GRADED A|
What lifestyle changes are recommended for people with GERD?
They are advised to quit smoking, avoid caffeine and alcohol, as well as
reducing stress. NSAIDs should be avoided and weight loss in
overweight patients can help as well.
In mild-moderate cases of GERD, what drug is combined with lifestyle
changes to help manage symptoms?
H2 receptor agonists.
In severe cases of GERD, what drug is combined with lifestyle changes
to manage symptoms?
Proton pump inhibitors.
What are H2 receptors antagonists?
They work by competitively inhibiting histamine from binding to H2
receptors in the GI mucosa, resulting in a reduction in the secretion of
acid and pepsin. It is used in the short term for benign ulcers and
duodenal ulcers, GERD, stress ulcers, gastric irritation for patients who
,must remain on NSAID therapy.
What are some examples of H2 receptor antagonists?
Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Ranitidine
What are the adverse events for H2 receptor antagonists?
headache, constipation, as well as confusion and disorientation
for
Cimetidine. Cimetidine also interacts with the metabolism of many
other drugs while Famotidine and nizatidine does not. No food
interactions.
What are proton pump inhibitors?
They inhibit the exchange of hydrogen and potassium via ATPase
exchange which is essential to the production of HCI. They are first line
for ulcers.
They can be used for both bacterial and acid ulcers. H2 receptor
antagonists are only used for ulcer patients who cannot tolerate PPIs.
,Where is histamine released from?
Enterochromaffin- like cells (ECL
cells).
Where is gastrin released from?
The G cells.
What are the three major neurotransmitters which stimulate the
release of Pepsin and HCI?
Acetylcholine, gastrin, and histamine.
, What chemical mediator is stimulated by the ingestion of food?
ACH, which then binds to the receptors on the Chief cells, G-cells, ECL
cells, and Parietal cells.
What is Gastrointestinal Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
It is characterized primarily by the presence of heartburn (painful
burning behind the sternum).
What causes heartburn?
It occurs when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus. The lower
esophageal sphincter (LES) loosens and allows gastric acids to go
back up into the esophagus.
What are the symptoms of GERD?
It goes beyond occasional heartburn, ongoing problem often
occurring after meals upon lying down. Severe cases can lead to blood
loss due to chronic injury to the esophagus.
How will a provider treat a peptic ulcer that is caused by the bacteria
H. Pylori?
PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 7 TEST/EXAM
2025 |ANSWERED| GRADED A|
What lifestyle changes are recommended for people with GERD?
They are advised to quit smoking, avoid caffeine and alcohol, as well as
reducing stress. NSAIDs should be avoided and weight loss in
overweight patients can help as well.
In mild-moderate cases of GERD, what drug is combined with lifestyle
changes to help manage symptoms?
H2 receptor agonists.
In severe cases of GERD, what drug is combined with lifestyle changes
to manage symptoms?
Proton pump inhibitors.
What are H2 receptors antagonists?
They work by competitively inhibiting histamine from binding to H2
receptors in the GI mucosa, resulting in a reduction in the secretion of
acid and pepsin. It is used in the short term for benign ulcers and
duodenal ulcers, GERD, stress ulcers, gastric irritation for patients who
,must remain on NSAID therapy.
What are some examples of H2 receptor antagonists?
Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Ranitidine
What are the adverse events for H2 receptor antagonists?
headache, constipation, as well as confusion and disorientation
for
Cimetidine. Cimetidine also interacts with the metabolism of many
other drugs while Famotidine and nizatidine does not. No food
interactions.
What are proton pump inhibitors?
They inhibit the exchange of hydrogen and potassium via ATPase
exchange which is essential to the production of HCI. They are first line
for ulcers.
They can be used for both bacterial and acid ulcers. H2 receptor
antagonists are only used for ulcer patients who cannot tolerate PPIs.
,Where is histamine released from?
Enterochromaffin- like cells (ECL
cells).
Where is gastrin released from?
The G cells.
What are the three major neurotransmitters which stimulate the
release of Pepsin and HCI?
Acetylcholine, gastrin, and histamine.
, What chemical mediator is stimulated by the ingestion of food?
ACH, which then binds to the receptors on the Chief cells, G-cells, ECL
cells, and Parietal cells.
What is Gastrointestinal Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
It is characterized primarily by the presence of heartburn (painful
burning behind the sternum).
What causes heartburn?
It occurs when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus. The lower
esophageal sphincter (LES) loosens and allows gastric acids to go
back up into the esophagus.
What are the symptoms of GERD?
It goes beyond occasional heartburn, ongoing problem often
occurring after meals upon lying down. Severe cases can lead to blood
loss due to chronic injury to the esophagus.
How will a provider treat a peptic ulcer that is caused by the bacteria
H. Pylori?
