BIOL351 PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 3
EXAM 2025 PORTAGE LEARNING | 100%
VERIFIED| GRADED A
What is the recommended amount of triglycerides in the blood stream?
<150mg/dl, anything >200mg/dl is abnormally high
What is the recommended total cholesterol for a patient?
<200mg/dl, anything over >240 mg/dl is abnormally high
What is hypercholesterolemia?
high levels of cholesterol in the blood
Which patient groups are good candidates for drug therapy targeting
hyperlipidemia?
patients with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,
LDL>190mg/dl, patients with diabetes between the ages of 40-75 and an
LDL between 70-189 mg/dl, patients with no evidence of CVD or diabetes,
,but have an LDL 70 - 189 dg/ml and are at risk of developing CVD.
What are the 6 types of drugs that are used to treat high cholesterol?
statins (the main groups), ezetimibe, cholestyramine, gemfibrozil, Niacin,
Omega 3 Fatty Acids
How do drugs from the statins class work?
Statins, also known as HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, inhibit the enzyme
HMG CoA reductase within the liver. There is enzyme pathway that which
these drugs block from being completed by inhibiting the enzyme that
changes HMG CoA from becoming choesterol. All statins work the same
way.
What are three examples of statins and how are they classified?
Statins are classified by their strength. Lipitor is the strongest with
between 40-80mg of Atorvastatin. Zocor is the second strongest with 20-
40mg of Simvastatin. Pravachol is the lowest strength of these three
,examples and has 10-20mg of pravastatin.
What are some adverse effects of drugs belonging to the statins class of
drugs?
Statins are generally very well tolerated by the body, common side
effects include: abdominal pain, rashes, and headaches. More serious
adverse events can include myopathy (muscle pain) to be evaluated in
case it is the potentially fatal condition known as rhabdomyolysis, which
can cause kidney faiilure(rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle due to
injury).
What are some known drug interactions for statins?
Taking Gemfibrozil and statins puts patients at higher risk for myopathy.
Taking Warfarin and statins together can slow the metabolism of
Warfarin and can increase the risk of a bleed because of the increased
concentration of the blood thinner Warfarin in the blood
When are the 5 other types of cholesterol medications used?
When a patient cannot tolerate the statins for whatever reason. Also
, most of the other types of medications address triglycerides specifically.
What Ezetimibe (Zetia) and when is it used?
Zetia is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor and it works by blocking the
absorption of cholesterol at the small intestines.
What Cholestyramine (Questran) and how does it work?
Questran is a bile acid sequestrant that works by binding to bile causing
it be excreted, which causes the liver to then produce more bile acid,
taking up more cholesterol from the blood in the process.
What id Gemfibrozil (Lopid) and how does it work?
Lopid works by activating the enzyme lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme
responsible for cholesterol breakdown. Significantly acts on
triglycerides.
What is Niacin and how does it work?
EXAM 2025 PORTAGE LEARNING | 100%
VERIFIED| GRADED A
What is the recommended amount of triglycerides in the blood stream?
<150mg/dl, anything >200mg/dl is abnormally high
What is the recommended total cholesterol for a patient?
<200mg/dl, anything over >240 mg/dl is abnormally high
What is hypercholesterolemia?
high levels of cholesterol in the blood
Which patient groups are good candidates for drug therapy targeting
hyperlipidemia?
patients with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,
LDL>190mg/dl, patients with diabetes between the ages of 40-75 and an
LDL between 70-189 mg/dl, patients with no evidence of CVD or diabetes,
,but have an LDL 70 - 189 dg/ml and are at risk of developing CVD.
What are the 6 types of drugs that are used to treat high cholesterol?
statins (the main groups), ezetimibe, cholestyramine, gemfibrozil, Niacin,
Omega 3 Fatty Acids
How do drugs from the statins class work?
Statins, also known as HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, inhibit the enzyme
HMG CoA reductase within the liver. There is enzyme pathway that which
these drugs block from being completed by inhibiting the enzyme that
changes HMG CoA from becoming choesterol. All statins work the same
way.
What are three examples of statins and how are they classified?
Statins are classified by their strength. Lipitor is the strongest with
between 40-80mg of Atorvastatin. Zocor is the second strongest with 20-
40mg of Simvastatin. Pravachol is the lowest strength of these three
,examples and has 10-20mg of pravastatin.
What are some adverse effects of drugs belonging to the statins class of
drugs?
Statins are generally very well tolerated by the body, common side
effects include: abdominal pain, rashes, and headaches. More serious
adverse events can include myopathy (muscle pain) to be evaluated in
case it is the potentially fatal condition known as rhabdomyolysis, which
can cause kidney faiilure(rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle due to
injury).
What are some known drug interactions for statins?
Taking Gemfibrozil and statins puts patients at higher risk for myopathy.
Taking Warfarin and statins together can slow the metabolism of
Warfarin and can increase the risk of a bleed because of the increased
concentration of the blood thinner Warfarin in the blood
When are the 5 other types of cholesterol medications used?
When a patient cannot tolerate the statins for whatever reason. Also
, most of the other types of medications address triglycerides specifically.
What Ezetimibe (Zetia) and when is it used?
Zetia is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor and it works by blocking the
absorption of cholesterol at the small intestines.
What Cholestyramine (Questran) and how does it work?
Questran is a bile acid sequestrant that works by binding to bile causing
it be excreted, which causes the liver to then produce more bile acid,
taking up more cholesterol from the blood in the process.
What id Gemfibrozil (Lopid) and how does it work?
Lopid works by activating the enzyme lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme
responsible for cholesterol breakdown. Significantly acts on
triglycerides.
What is Niacin and how does it work?
