BIOD 171 Module 2 Exam
, What is cellular metabolism? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Metabolism is a controlled set of
biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life
What is the primary function of enzymes, and how are they regulated? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not
consumed during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes can
also be regulated by a cofactor such that in the absence of the proper cofactor,
enzymes are inactive while in its presence enzymes are active.
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources
whereas anabolism is the building up or biosynthesis od macromolecules from smaller
molecular units into larger complexes, most often associated with cellular growth and
repair
ATP has the energy to ______, while ADP has the capacity to ______ energy. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Donate, accept
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two additional subgroups? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Chemotrophs, which acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the
environment, can be divided into either organotrophs (removing electrons from organic
molecules such as glucose) or lithotrophs, which remove electrons from inorganic
molecules
Chemotrophs utilize which form of phosphorylation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Chemotrophs use oxidative phosphorylation (may also accept substrate level
phosphorylation). Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes the energy released by the
chemical oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP
What are the three distinct stages in the catabolism of glucose? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Glycolysis is the first step of this process and yields 2 molecules of ATP.
Next, by either fermentation (or respiration) 2 additional molecules of ATP can be
produces. Last, the electron transport chain (ETC) produces 34 ATP via an oxidative
phosphorylation event at the plasma membrane.
What are the reactants of glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Reactants are defined as
any molecules present and involved at the beginning of a specific chemical reaction (ie)
glycolysis. In terms of writing out a chemical reaction, the reactants are everything
located to the left of the arrow. The reactants of glycolysis are glucose, the co-enzyme
NAD+ and ATP.
How are the TCA and ETC related? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The end products of the
Kreb's (TCA) cycle are used to fuel the electron transport chain. In other words, as the
Kreb's cycle (TCA) produces an abundance of reduced electron carriers (NADH and
FADH2), it fuels the ETC. As the electrons are transferred from NADH/FADH2 to
, What is cellular metabolism? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Metabolism is a controlled set of
biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life
What is the primary function of enzymes, and how are they regulated? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not
consumed during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes can
also be regulated by a cofactor such that in the absence of the proper cofactor,
enzymes are inactive while in its presence enzymes are active.
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources
whereas anabolism is the building up or biosynthesis od macromolecules from smaller
molecular units into larger complexes, most often associated with cellular growth and
repair
ATP has the energy to ______, while ADP has the capacity to ______ energy. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Donate, accept
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two additional subgroups? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Chemotrophs, which acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the
environment, can be divided into either organotrophs (removing electrons from organic
molecules such as glucose) or lithotrophs, which remove electrons from inorganic
molecules
Chemotrophs utilize which form of phosphorylation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Chemotrophs use oxidative phosphorylation (may also accept substrate level
phosphorylation). Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes the energy released by the
chemical oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP
What are the three distinct stages in the catabolism of glucose? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Glycolysis is the first step of this process and yields 2 molecules of ATP.
Next, by either fermentation (or respiration) 2 additional molecules of ATP can be
produces. Last, the electron transport chain (ETC) produces 34 ATP via an oxidative
phosphorylation event at the plasma membrane.
What are the reactants of glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Reactants are defined as
any molecules present and involved at the beginning of a specific chemical reaction (ie)
glycolysis. In terms of writing out a chemical reaction, the reactants are everything
located to the left of the arrow. The reactants of glycolysis are glucose, the co-enzyme
NAD+ and ATP.
How are the TCA and ETC related? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The end products of the
Kreb's (TCA) cycle are used to fuel the electron transport chain. In other words, as the
Kreb's cycle (TCA) produces an abundance of reduced electron carriers (NADH and
FADH2), it fuels the ETC. As the electrons are transferred from NADH/FADH2 to
