portage pathophysiology exam 2
False, only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to therapy or
reoccurrence. - answers✔✔True/False:
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not?
tissue biopsy - answers✔✔What is the most important procedure in diagnosing the correct cancer and
histology?
T is the size and local spread of the primary tumor.
N is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement. - answers✔✔Explain the TNM system:
1. S+S: Bleeding; sore that doesn't heal; fluid in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal spaces; chest pain,
shortness of breath, cough, abdominal discomfort or swelling. Other possible answers can include a
mass or lump, pain (need to be specific), fatigue, fevers, weight loss
2. Systemic: Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and anemia,
fatigue, sleep disturbances - answers✔✔1. List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that
might indicate a cancer diagnosis:
2. What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients?
1. Curative, control, palliative
2. Radiation therapy uses high-energy particles or waves to destroy or damage cancer cells. This leads to
the creation of free radicals, which damage cell structures. Radiation can interrupt the cell cycle process,
kill cells, or damage DNA in the cells. - answers✔✔1. What are the three possible goals of cancer
treatment?
2. How does radiation kill cancer cells?
False, only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to therapy or
reoccurrence. - answers✔✔True/False:
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not?
tissue biopsy - answers✔✔What is the most important procedure in diagnosing the correct cancer and
histology?
T is the size and local spread of the primary tumor.
N is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement. - answers✔✔Explain the TNM system:
1. S+S: Bleeding; sore that doesn't heal; fluid in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal spaces; chest pain,
shortness of breath, cough, abdominal discomfort or swelling. Other possible answers can include a
mass or lump, pain (need to be specific), fatigue, fevers, weight loss
2. Systemic: Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and anemia,
fatigue, sleep disturbances - answers✔✔1. List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that
might indicate a cancer diagnosis:
2. What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients?
1. Curative, control, palliative
2. Radiation therapy uses high-energy particles or waves to destroy or damage cancer cells. This leads to
the creation of free radicals, which damage cell structures. Radiation can interrupt the cell cycle process,
kill cells, or damage DNA in the cells. - answers✔✔1. What are the three possible goals of cancer
treatment?
2. How does radiation kill cancer cells?
