1
SOLUTION MANUAL
American Government: Political
Development and Institutional Change
12th Edition by Cal Jillson, All Chapters 1 - 16
, 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles
2. Chapter 2 The Revolution and the Constitution
3. Chapter 3 Federalism and American Political Development
4. Chapter 4 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
5. Chapter 5 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
6. Chapter 6 Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence
7. Chapter 7 Political Parties: Winning the Right to Govern
8. Chapter 8 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
9. Chapter 9 Congress: Partisanship, Polarization, and Gridlock
10. Chapter 10 The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers Regime
11. Chapter 11 Bureaucracy: Redesigning Government for the Twenty-First Century
12. Chapter 12 The Federal Courts: Activism versus Restraint
13. Chapter 13 Civil Liberties: Ordered Liberty in America
14. Chapter 14 Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide
15. Chapter 15 Government, The Economy, and Domestic Policy
16. Chapter 16 America’s Global Role in the Twenty-First Century
, 3
Chapter 1
THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN POLITICAL PRINCIPLES
FOCUS QUESTIONS
Q1 What are the broad purposes of government?
A1 The ancients believed the role of government and politics was to foster human
excellence. However, it is imperative to remember that the Greeks and Romans
believed the virtuous should rule according to natural law. Furthermore, valuesof
equality and order would be served through a society based upon the rule
oflaw to provide for the common good. In the Middle Ages, government was
largely used to facilitate religion and maintained the need for the individual to
live a proper life in the service of God. The role of government changed in the
early sixteenth century by downplaying the role of religion while alternatively
promoting the role of limited government to protect private property and
individual rights.
Q2 How should government be designed to achieve its purposes?
A2 According dto dPlato dthe dphilosopher-king’s dwisdom dand dintellect dwould
dpromote d order, dstability dand djustice. dYet, dAristotle dtakes da dmore drealistic
dview dof dAthenian d society dby dadvocating dthe dbest dform dof dgovernment das
da dpolity, dwhich dcombined d oligarchic dand ddemocratic delements dto dproduce
dpolitical dstability. dThe dRomans d combined dmonarchical, daristocratic, dand
ddemocratic dprinciples das da dmixed d government dwithin drepresentative dbodies
dlike dthe dSenate dand dthe dAssembly din d order d to dchampion dthe dcauses dof
dboth dthe drich dand dthe dpoor. dGovernment din dtheMiddle d Ages dwas
ddetermined dthrough ddivine dright, dwhereby da dmonarch dor dPope d was
d ordained dby dGod dto drule. dHence, dwisdom dand dvirtue drested dwithin dthese
dfew d individuals dwho dgoverned dto dpromote dreligious dlife dand dprotect dthe
dreligious d establishment. dThe dRenaissance, dProtestant dReformation, dand
dEnlightenment d Periods dshifted dthe drole dof dgovernment dfrom dupholding
dreligious ddoctrine dto d secular d concerns, dsuch das dprotecting dinalienable
drights, dincluding dprivate d property, dand d promoting dcommerce. dIn dturn,
dEnlightenment dpolitical
© d2023 dTaylor d& dFrancis
, 4
philosophers dlargely dappealed dto dindividualism dand dnot dreligious dhierarchy
das dameans d to dprovide dorder dand dstability din dwhich dindividuals dcould
dflourish.
Q3 What dlessons dabout dgovernment ddid dcolonial dAmericans ddraw dfrom dthe dhistory
dofancient dGreece d and d Rome?
A3 Plato dwas dsuspicious dof ddemocracy’s drule dof dthe dmany d because dgood
dgovernment d would ddecay dinto dmob drule. dHence, dthe dpassions dof dthe
dmasses dneeded dto dbe d quelled d by dmore daristocratic delements. dWith dthis
dproblem din dmind, dthe dFramers dofthe dU.S. d Constitution dreferenced dthe
dinstitutional ddesign dof dthe dRoman drepublic dadhered dto d the dtradition dof
dmixed dgovernment dinitially dexpounded dby dAristotle d and dthe dRomans. d This
dwas dmaintained din dthe dindirect dselection dof dboth dthe dSenateand dthe
dpresidency d within dthe dConstitution. dAristotle dalso dadvocated dmixing
d aristocratic dand ddemocratic d elements din da dgoverning dstructure dcalled da
dpolity. dIn deffect, dthis dgovernmental ddesign d allowed dthe dfew dand dthe dmany
dto dparticipate din dthe dpolitics dproviding dan dorderly d society dwhere dthe dpoor
dshould dbe dable dto dselect d government dofficials dwho dwere dheld
d accountable. dThis dwas dalso dmade dmanifest dinthe dConstitution dwith dits
daristocratic-like d Senate dand dthe dmore ddemocratic dHouse d of
dRepresentatives. dThus dthe dAmerican d republic’s dConstitution destablished
d institutional dpowers dto dgovern daccording dto dthe d rule dof dlaw. dWhile dthe
dFramers drejected dthe dreligious dhierarchy dof dthe dMiddle dAges, d they
dappealed dto dinalienable drights dendowed dupon devery dindividual dby dGod,
dper dthe d writings dof dJohn dLocke, din dwhich da djust dgovernment dand dsociety
dcould dnot dbe d impeded.
Q4 What dcircumstances dled dEuropeans dto dleave dtheir dhomelands dto dsettle din dAmerica?
A4 Individuals dimmigrated dto dthe dcolonies dto descape dreligious dpersecution dand
dcivil d unrest dafter dthe dEnglish dCivil dWar dand dto dpursue dsocial dand
deconomic d opportunities. d Colonists denjoyed da dvast darray dof dnatural
dresources dand da dlarge d geographical darea d where dfreedom dof dreligion
dand deconomic dopportunity d flourished. dAlso, dtheir d heterogeneous dsocial
dcomposition das dwell das dcontinual d promotion dof dideals, dsuch das d equality
dand dtolerance, dtended dto dpromote dpolitical dfreedom dat dthe dsame dtime dthat
d social dexpansion dof dthe dpopulation dwas doccurring.
Q5 What ddid ddemocracy dmean dto dour dcolonial dancestors, dand ddid dthey dapprove dit?
A5 The dcolonists dwere dskeptical dof ddemocracy dand dviewed dthis dtype dof
d governing d authority das dmob drule. dSociety dwas dlargely dseen das dsegmented
dinto dthose dwho d should d rule dand dthose dwho dshould dnot. dIn dfact, dthe
dFounders dbelieved dthat dthe d elite d(well- d educated, dland downers) dshould
doccupy dpositions dof dleadership. dThus, d an daristocratic d element dwithin
dgovernment dwas dnecessary dto dprotect dagainst dthethreat dof dmob drule
d historically dassociated dwith ddemocracy. dFundamentally, dthe didea dof
drepublicanism d was dpromoted das dan dideal dat da dhigher dlevel dthan
d democracy. dThis dwas dmade dmost d manifest din dthe dtendency dto dprefer
dmixed
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
SOLUTION MANUAL
American Government: Political
Development and Institutional Change
12th Edition by Cal Jillson, All Chapters 1 - 16
, 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles
2. Chapter 2 The Revolution and the Constitution
3. Chapter 3 Federalism and American Political Development
4. Chapter 4 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
5. Chapter 5 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
6. Chapter 6 Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence
7. Chapter 7 Political Parties: Winning the Right to Govern
8. Chapter 8 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
9. Chapter 9 Congress: Partisanship, Polarization, and Gridlock
10. Chapter 10 The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers Regime
11. Chapter 11 Bureaucracy: Redesigning Government for the Twenty-First Century
12. Chapter 12 The Federal Courts: Activism versus Restraint
13. Chapter 13 Civil Liberties: Ordered Liberty in America
14. Chapter 14 Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide
15. Chapter 15 Government, The Economy, and Domestic Policy
16. Chapter 16 America’s Global Role in the Twenty-First Century
, 3
Chapter 1
THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN POLITICAL PRINCIPLES
FOCUS QUESTIONS
Q1 What are the broad purposes of government?
A1 The ancients believed the role of government and politics was to foster human
excellence. However, it is imperative to remember that the Greeks and Romans
believed the virtuous should rule according to natural law. Furthermore, valuesof
equality and order would be served through a society based upon the rule
oflaw to provide for the common good. In the Middle Ages, government was
largely used to facilitate religion and maintained the need for the individual to
live a proper life in the service of God. The role of government changed in the
early sixteenth century by downplaying the role of religion while alternatively
promoting the role of limited government to protect private property and
individual rights.
Q2 How should government be designed to achieve its purposes?
A2 According dto dPlato dthe dphilosopher-king’s dwisdom dand dintellect dwould
dpromote d order, dstability dand djustice. dYet, dAristotle dtakes da dmore drealistic
dview dof dAthenian d society dby dadvocating dthe dbest dform dof dgovernment das
da dpolity, dwhich dcombined d oligarchic dand ddemocratic delements dto dproduce
dpolitical dstability. dThe dRomans d combined dmonarchical, daristocratic, dand
ddemocratic dprinciples das da dmixed d government dwithin drepresentative dbodies
dlike dthe dSenate dand dthe dAssembly din d order d to dchampion dthe dcauses dof
dboth dthe drich dand dthe dpoor. dGovernment din dtheMiddle d Ages dwas
ddetermined dthrough ddivine dright, dwhereby da dmonarch dor dPope d was
d ordained dby dGod dto drule. dHence, dwisdom dand dvirtue drested dwithin dthese
dfew d individuals dwho dgoverned dto dpromote dreligious dlife dand dprotect dthe
dreligious d establishment. dThe dRenaissance, dProtestant dReformation, dand
dEnlightenment d Periods dshifted dthe drole dof dgovernment dfrom dupholding
dreligious ddoctrine dto d secular d concerns, dsuch das dprotecting dinalienable
drights, dincluding dprivate d property, dand d promoting dcommerce. dIn dturn,
dEnlightenment dpolitical
© d2023 dTaylor d& dFrancis
, 4
philosophers dlargely dappealed dto dindividualism dand dnot dreligious dhierarchy
das dameans d to dprovide dorder dand dstability din dwhich dindividuals dcould
dflourish.
Q3 What dlessons dabout dgovernment ddid dcolonial dAmericans ddraw dfrom dthe dhistory
dofancient dGreece d and d Rome?
A3 Plato dwas dsuspicious dof ddemocracy’s drule dof dthe dmany d because dgood
dgovernment d would ddecay dinto dmob drule. dHence, dthe dpassions dof dthe
dmasses dneeded dto dbe d quelled d by dmore daristocratic delements. dWith dthis
dproblem din dmind, dthe dFramers dofthe dU.S. d Constitution dreferenced dthe
dinstitutional ddesign dof dthe dRoman drepublic dadhered dto d the dtradition dof
dmixed dgovernment dinitially dexpounded dby dAristotle d and dthe dRomans. d This
dwas dmaintained din dthe dindirect dselection dof dboth dthe dSenateand dthe
dpresidency d within dthe dConstitution. dAristotle dalso dadvocated dmixing
d aristocratic dand ddemocratic d elements din da dgoverning dstructure dcalled da
dpolity. dIn deffect, dthis dgovernmental ddesign d allowed dthe dfew dand dthe dmany
dto dparticipate din dthe dpolitics dproviding dan dorderly d society dwhere dthe dpoor
dshould dbe dable dto dselect d government dofficials dwho dwere dheld
d accountable. dThis dwas dalso dmade dmanifest dinthe dConstitution dwith dits
daristocratic-like d Senate dand dthe dmore ddemocratic dHouse d of
dRepresentatives. dThus dthe dAmerican d republic’s dConstitution destablished
d institutional dpowers dto dgovern daccording dto dthe d rule dof dlaw. dWhile dthe
dFramers drejected dthe dreligious dhierarchy dof dthe dMiddle dAges, d they
dappealed dto dinalienable drights dendowed dupon devery dindividual dby dGod,
dper dthe d writings dof dJohn dLocke, din dwhich da djust dgovernment dand dsociety
dcould dnot dbe d impeded.
Q4 What dcircumstances dled dEuropeans dto dleave dtheir dhomelands dto dsettle din dAmerica?
A4 Individuals dimmigrated dto dthe dcolonies dto descape dreligious dpersecution dand
dcivil d unrest dafter dthe dEnglish dCivil dWar dand dto dpursue dsocial dand
deconomic d opportunities. d Colonists denjoyed da dvast darray dof dnatural
dresources dand da dlarge d geographical darea d where dfreedom dof dreligion
dand deconomic dopportunity d flourished. dAlso, dtheir d heterogeneous dsocial
dcomposition das dwell das dcontinual d promotion dof dideals, dsuch das d equality
dand dtolerance, dtended dto dpromote dpolitical dfreedom dat dthe dsame dtime dthat
d social dexpansion dof dthe dpopulation dwas doccurring.
Q5 What ddid ddemocracy dmean dto dour dcolonial dancestors, dand ddid dthey dapprove dit?
A5 The dcolonists dwere dskeptical dof ddemocracy dand dviewed dthis dtype dof
d governing d authority das dmob drule. dSociety dwas dlargely dseen das dsegmented
dinto dthose dwho d should d rule dand dthose dwho dshould dnot. dIn dfact, dthe
dFounders dbelieved dthat dthe d elite d(well- d educated, dland downers) dshould
doccupy dpositions dof dleadership. dThus, d an daristocratic d element dwithin
dgovernment dwas dnecessary dto dprotect dagainst dthethreat dof dmob drule
d historically dassociated dwith ddemocracy. dFundamentally, dthe didea dof
drepublicanism d was dpromoted das dan dideal dat da dhigher dlevel dthan
d democracy. dThis dwas dmade dmost d manifest din dthe dtendency dto dprefer
dmixed
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
