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Disulfiram (Antabuse) as Aversion Therapy
Alcohol use disorder
inhibits enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase
(Involved in the metabolism of alcohol)
How aversion therapy works for AUD
If the patient is on Disulfiram and consumes alcohol, it leads to a buildup of acetaldehyde in the
blood. Results in unpleasant symptoms (N-V-HA-flushing-tachycardia)
These aversion effects are intended to discourage alcohol consumption
,Disulfiram (Antabuse) Education/labs
Must check LFT - can elevate
Educate even small amounts in personal care products can cause a reaction (aftershave,
mouthwash, lotions, perfumes, cough meds, vinegar)
Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
Nausea/Vomiting
Tremors
Paroxysmal sweats
Tactile disturbances
Auditory disturbances
Visual disturbances
HA
Anxiety/agitation
Altered sensorium
Alcohol Withdrawal Timeline
Symptoms can begin at 6 hours after last drink
DTs can occur 48-72 hours after last drink
>72 hours symptoms start to subside
Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS)
Tool for assessing opioid withdrawal severity.
Opiate withdrawal Signs and symptoms
,Irritable/anxiety/ restless
Pupillary dilation (pinpoint indicate intoxication)
Piloerection
Muscle ache/cramps
Yawning
Lacrimation
Rhinorrhea
sweating
Insomnia
N/V/D
Timeline of opioid withdrawal
6-24 hours after last dose
24-72 Peak (increased bp, tachy - sensitivity to light, cravings, depression, goose bumps)
Opiate Withdrawal Timeline
Last dose
6-12 hours (short acting)
30 hours (long acting)
72 hours symptoms peak
(N/V/D - stomach cramps, goosebumps, depression, cravings)
Mental Status Exams
, MMSE
SLUMS
MoCa
MMSE Scoring 0-30
HIgher number is normal
25-30 normal
21-24 mild impairment early AD
10-20 moderate impairment/mod AD
0-9 Severe impairment/late-stage AD
SLUMS Scoring 0-30
A higher number is normal
27-30 normal
21-36 mild
0-20 dementia
MoCa Scoring 0-30
Higher number is normal
26-30 normal
18-25 mild cognitive impairment
10-17 Moderate cognitive impairment
<10 Severe cognitive impairment
Depression Rating Scales