Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
Q: What are key symptoms to ask about during a cardiovascular
review of systems?
A: Orthopnea, chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea on exertion.
Q: What blood pressure range defines prehypertension?
A: 120-139/80-89 mmHg.
Q: What are common signs of a spontaneous pneumothorax?
A: Sudden chest pain, absent breath sounds, and hyper-
resonance on percussion.
Q: What physical findings are consistent with COPD?
A: Chronic cough, barrel chest, decreased breath sounds, and a
history of smoking.
Q: What does percussion of the lungs help to detect?
A: Consolidation, effusion, or hyper-resonance.
Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Health
Q: What are objective findings for abdominal pain and stress-
induced symptoms?
A: Pallor, sweating, accelerated heart rate, and pain localization.
Neurological and Musculoskeletal Assessments
Q: What Mini-Mental State Exam score suggests cognitive
impairment?
A: A score of less than 24.
, Q: What are typical features of osteoarthritis?
A: Pain in weight-bearing joints and limited range of motion.
Q: How is neuropathy assessed?
A: By identifying sensation loss in specific nerve distributions
(e.g., median, ulnar, radial).
Women’s Health and Obstetrics
Q: What prenatal care question assesses safety at home?
A: "Do you feel safe at home?"
Q: What are benign findings in a breast examination?
A: Asymmetry or an inverted nipple that has been lifelong.
Diagnostic Tools and Techniques
Q: What does the Allen Test assess?
A: Patency of the ulnar artery before radial arterial blood gas
collection.
Q: What is a limitation of the ELISA test for Lyme disease?
A: High sensitivity but low specificity, requiring confirmation.
Mental Health and Psychosocial Care
Q: What should you do if a patient makes concerning statements
about their well-being?
A: Directly assess for suicidal ideation.
Q: What is an example of active listening?
A: Using nonverbal cues and echoing key statements to
encourage patient narratives.
Clinical Scenarios and Emergencies