Blood quiz
1. Question
A 43-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents to his
primary care physician for a routine check-up. The patient is concerned about the potential acid-base
imbalance due to his chronic respiratory condition. During the discussion, the physician explains the
importance of maintaining a precise pH range in the blood for optimal physiological functioning. He then
quizzes the medical student accompanying him about the normal pH range of blood. Which of the
following ranges represents the typical pH of human blood, ensuring a balance conducive to the well-
being of the organism?
A. 7.30–7.40
B. 7.35–7.45
C. 7.20–7.30
D. 7.45–7.55
Correct Answer: B. 7.35–7.45
The blood pH in humans is tightly regulated to stay within this range. This pH
range ensures that the blood remains slightly alkaline, which is essential for the
optimal functioning of various enzymatic reactions and physiological processes in
the body.
Option A: 7.30–7.40: Incorrect. While the lower end of this range is slightly
below the accepted normal, the upper end is within the normal range. The
precise control of blood pH is crucial for various physiological processes, and
even minor deviations from the normal range can lead to significant
physiological alterations. However, the universally accepted normal range of
blood pH is slightly broader than this option.
Option C: 7.20–7.30: Incorrect. This range is below the accepted normal range
for blood pH. A blood pH below 7.35 is considered acidic and can lead to a
condition known as acidosis, which can be detrimental if not corrected. It’s
essential to maintain the blood pH within the normal range to prevent
pathological conditions like acidosis or alkalosis.
Option D: 7.45–7.55: Incorrect. This range is above the accepted normal range
for blood pH. A blood pH above 7.45 is considered alkaline and can lead to a
condition known as alkalosis. The physiological systems in the body work to
maintain the blood pH within the normal range to prevent such imbalances,
which can be harmful.
,2. Question
A 68-year-old female patient with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension presents
to the emergency department with a 2-day history of vomiting and diarrhea. On examination, the
patient appears lethargic, has dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, and her skin turgor is poor.
The physician suspects severe dehydration and decides to run a comprehensive metabolic panel
to assess her electrolyte levels, kidney function, and to better understand her fluid balance. The
medical student accompanying the physician is asked to identify the major constituent of plasma
crucial for maintaining proper blood volume and fluid balance. Which of the following
components is the predominant constituent of plasma playing a pivotal role in the preservation of
blood volume and fluid equilibrium?
A. Gases
B. Ions
C. Nutrients
D. Proteins
E. Water
Correct Answer: E. Water
Water is the major constituent of plasma, making up about 90-92% of its volume.
It plays a pivotal role in maintaining blood volume and fluid balance. The body’s
hydration status directly affects the blood volume and, consequently, impacts
blood pressure and cellular hydration. In the clinical scenario provided, the
evaluation of the comprehensive metabolic panel alongside rehydration
measures are crucial steps in managing this patient’s dehydration and its
underlying causes.
Option A: While gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in
the blood, they are not the major constituents of plasma and do not play a
primary role in maintaining blood volume and fluid balance.
Option B: Ions or electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride are crucial for
various physiological processes including neural function and muscle contraction.
However, they are not the primary constituents of plasma when compared to
water.
Option C: Nutrients are carried in the plasma to various tissues in the body
but are not the major constituents of plasma crucial for maintaining blood
volume and fluid balance.
Option D: Proteins such as albumin do play a role in maintaining oncotic
pressure and thereby contribute to blood volume and fluid balance. However,
they are not the predominant constituent of plasma.
,3. Question
A 45-year-old marathon runner comes to a health clinic for a routine checkup before participating in an
upcoming running event. The patient’s medical history is unremarkable and he denies any complaints or
recent illnesses. The healthcare provider decides to perform a complete blood count (CBC) to ensure
there are no underlying conditions that might affect the patient’s performance or health during the
event. The results of the CBC show that the formed elements in the patient’s blood sample
predominantly consist of a specific cell type known for its vital role in oxygen transport throughout the
body, ensuring the tissues receive the necessary oxygen for metabolic activities. Based on this
information, which of the following cell types is most likely to be predominant in this patient’s blood
sample?
A. Albumins
B. Globulins
C. Leukocytes (white blood cells)
D. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
E. Thrombocytes (platelets)
Correct Answer: D. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are the most common cell type among the
formed elements in the blood and are essential for transporting oxygen from the
lungs to tissues throughout the body. They contain hemoglobin, a molecule that
binds oxygen and is crucial for aerobic respiration in the tissues, making them the
primary cell type involved in oxygen transport.
Option A: Albumins are proteins found in the plasma, not cells. They play a
role in maintaining oncotic pressure but do not transport oxygen.
Option B: Like albumins, globulins are proteins found in the plasma that
function in the immune response and transport of various substances, but they
are not cells and do not have a primary role in oxygen transport.
Options C: Leukocytes are involved in the immune response and defending
the body against infections. They do not play a role in oxygen transport.
Option E: Thrombocytes or platelets are involved in hemostasis and help
prevent bleeding by forming clots at the site of vascular injury. They do not
have a role in oxygen transport.
3. Question
, A 45-year-old marathon runner comes to a health clinic for a routine checkup before
participating in an upcoming running event. The patient’s medical history is unremarkable and
he denies any complaints or recent illnesses. The healthcare provider decides to perform a
complete blood count (CBC) to ensure there are no underlying conditions that might affect the
patient’s performance or health during the event. The results of the CBC show that the formed
elements in the patient’s blood sample predominantly consist of a specific cell type known for its
vital role in oxygen transport throughout the body, ensuring the tissues receive the necessary
oxygen for metabolic activities. Based on this information, which of the following cell types
is most likely to be predominant in this patient’s blood sample?
A. Albumins
B. Globulins
C. Leukocytes (white blood cells)
D. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
E. Thrombocytes (platelets)
Correct Answer: D. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are the most common cell type among the
formed elements in the blood and are essential for transporting oxygen from the
lungs to tissues throughout the body. They contain hemoglobin, a molecule that
binds oxygen and is crucial for aerobic respiration in the tissues, making them the
primary cell type involved in oxygen transport.
Option A: Albumins are proteins found in the plasma, not cells. They play a
role in maintaining oncotic pressure but do not transport oxygen.
Option B: Like albumins, globulins are proteins found in the plasma that
function in the immune response and transport of various substances, but they
are not cells and do not have a primary role in oxygen transport.
Options C: Leukocytes are involved in the immune response and defending
the body against infections. They do not play a role in oxygen transport.
Option E: Thrombocytes or platelets are involved in hemostasis and help
prevent bleeding by forming clots at the site of vascular injury. They do not
have a role in oxygen transport.
4. Question
A 35-year-old female patient, with a history of leukemia, is scheduled for a bone marrow biopsy
as a component of her ongoing diagnostic workup. The patient is concerned about the necessity
of the procedure and inquires about its importance. The healthcare provider explains that the
biopsy is crucial to evaluate the patient’s hematopoiesis, ensuring her bone marrow is
functioning correctly in producing blood cells. Furthermore, it could provide insights into her
disease status and response to treatment. With regard to the explanation provided by the
1. Question
A 43-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents to his
primary care physician for a routine check-up. The patient is concerned about the potential acid-base
imbalance due to his chronic respiratory condition. During the discussion, the physician explains the
importance of maintaining a precise pH range in the blood for optimal physiological functioning. He then
quizzes the medical student accompanying him about the normal pH range of blood. Which of the
following ranges represents the typical pH of human blood, ensuring a balance conducive to the well-
being of the organism?
A. 7.30–7.40
B. 7.35–7.45
C. 7.20–7.30
D. 7.45–7.55
Correct Answer: B. 7.35–7.45
The blood pH in humans is tightly regulated to stay within this range. This pH
range ensures that the blood remains slightly alkaline, which is essential for the
optimal functioning of various enzymatic reactions and physiological processes in
the body.
Option A: 7.30–7.40: Incorrect. While the lower end of this range is slightly
below the accepted normal, the upper end is within the normal range. The
precise control of blood pH is crucial for various physiological processes, and
even minor deviations from the normal range can lead to significant
physiological alterations. However, the universally accepted normal range of
blood pH is slightly broader than this option.
Option C: 7.20–7.30: Incorrect. This range is below the accepted normal range
for blood pH. A blood pH below 7.35 is considered acidic and can lead to a
condition known as acidosis, which can be detrimental if not corrected. It’s
essential to maintain the blood pH within the normal range to prevent
pathological conditions like acidosis or alkalosis.
Option D: 7.45–7.55: Incorrect. This range is above the accepted normal range
for blood pH. A blood pH above 7.45 is considered alkaline and can lead to a
condition known as alkalosis. The physiological systems in the body work to
maintain the blood pH within the normal range to prevent such imbalances,
which can be harmful.
,2. Question
A 68-year-old female patient with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension presents
to the emergency department with a 2-day history of vomiting and diarrhea. On examination, the
patient appears lethargic, has dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, and her skin turgor is poor.
The physician suspects severe dehydration and decides to run a comprehensive metabolic panel
to assess her electrolyte levels, kidney function, and to better understand her fluid balance. The
medical student accompanying the physician is asked to identify the major constituent of plasma
crucial for maintaining proper blood volume and fluid balance. Which of the following
components is the predominant constituent of plasma playing a pivotal role in the preservation of
blood volume and fluid equilibrium?
A. Gases
B. Ions
C. Nutrients
D. Proteins
E. Water
Correct Answer: E. Water
Water is the major constituent of plasma, making up about 90-92% of its volume.
It plays a pivotal role in maintaining blood volume and fluid balance. The body’s
hydration status directly affects the blood volume and, consequently, impacts
blood pressure and cellular hydration. In the clinical scenario provided, the
evaluation of the comprehensive metabolic panel alongside rehydration
measures are crucial steps in managing this patient’s dehydration and its
underlying causes.
Option A: While gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in
the blood, they are not the major constituents of plasma and do not play a
primary role in maintaining blood volume and fluid balance.
Option B: Ions or electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride are crucial for
various physiological processes including neural function and muscle contraction.
However, they are not the primary constituents of plasma when compared to
water.
Option C: Nutrients are carried in the plasma to various tissues in the body
but are not the major constituents of plasma crucial for maintaining blood
volume and fluid balance.
Option D: Proteins such as albumin do play a role in maintaining oncotic
pressure and thereby contribute to blood volume and fluid balance. However,
they are not the predominant constituent of plasma.
,3. Question
A 45-year-old marathon runner comes to a health clinic for a routine checkup before participating in an
upcoming running event. The patient’s medical history is unremarkable and he denies any complaints or
recent illnesses. The healthcare provider decides to perform a complete blood count (CBC) to ensure
there are no underlying conditions that might affect the patient’s performance or health during the
event. The results of the CBC show that the formed elements in the patient’s blood sample
predominantly consist of a specific cell type known for its vital role in oxygen transport throughout the
body, ensuring the tissues receive the necessary oxygen for metabolic activities. Based on this
information, which of the following cell types is most likely to be predominant in this patient’s blood
sample?
A. Albumins
B. Globulins
C. Leukocytes (white blood cells)
D. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
E. Thrombocytes (platelets)
Correct Answer: D. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are the most common cell type among the
formed elements in the blood and are essential for transporting oxygen from the
lungs to tissues throughout the body. They contain hemoglobin, a molecule that
binds oxygen and is crucial for aerobic respiration in the tissues, making them the
primary cell type involved in oxygen transport.
Option A: Albumins are proteins found in the plasma, not cells. They play a
role in maintaining oncotic pressure but do not transport oxygen.
Option B: Like albumins, globulins are proteins found in the plasma that
function in the immune response and transport of various substances, but they
are not cells and do not have a primary role in oxygen transport.
Options C: Leukocytes are involved in the immune response and defending
the body against infections. They do not play a role in oxygen transport.
Option E: Thrombocytes or platelets are involved in hemostasis and help
prevent bleeding by forming clots at the site of vascular injury. They do not
have a role in oxygen transport.
3. Question
, A 45-year-old marathon runner comes to a health clinic for a routine checkup before
participating in an upcoming running event. The patient’s medical history is unremarkable and
he denies any complaints or recent illnesses. The healthcare provider decides to perform a
complete blood count (CBC) to ensure there are no underlying conditions that might affect the
patient’s performance or health during the event. The results of the CBC show that the formed
elements in the patient’s blood sample predominantly consist of a specific cell type known for its
vital role in oxygen transport throughout the body, ensuring the tissues receive the necessary
oxygen for metabolic activities. Based on this information, which of the following cell types
is most likely to be predominant in this patient’s blood sample?
A. Albumins
B. Globulins
C. Leukocytes (white blood cells)
D. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
E. Thrombocytes (platelets)
Correct Answer: D. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are the most common cell type among the
formed elements in the blood and are essential for transporting oxygen from the
lungs to tissues throughout the body. They contain hemoglobin, a molecule that
binds oxygen and is crucial for aerobic respiration in the tissues, making them the
primary cell type involved in oxygen transport.
Option A: Albumins are proteins found in the plasma, not cells. They play a
role in maintaining oncotic pressure but do not transport oxygen.
Option B: Like albumins, globulins are proteins found in the plasma that
function in the immune response and transport of various substances, but they
are not cells and do not have a primary role in oxygen transport.
Options C: Leukocytes are involved in the immune response and defending
the body against infections. They do not play a role in oxygen transport.
Option E: Thrombocytes or platelets are involved in hemostasis and help
prevent bleeding by forming clots at the site of vascular injury. They do not
have a role in oxygen transport.
4. Question
A 35-year-old female patient, with a history of leukemia, is scheduled for a bone marrow biopsy
as a component of her ongoing diagnostic workup. The patient is concerned about the necessity
of the procedure and inquires about its importance. The healthcare provider explains that the
biopsy is crucial to evaluate the patient’s hematopoiesis, ensuring her bone marrow is
functioning correctly in producing blood cells. Furthermore, it could provide insights into her
disease status and response to treatment. With regard to the explanation provided by the
