Pharmacology Assessment A Study
Guide Exam and Actual Verified
Answers (2025-2026) Edition.
A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis and has a new prescription for baclofen.
Which of the following findings indicates to the nurse that the medication is having a
therapeutic effect?
A) Decreased muscle spasticity
The nurse should identify that baclofen is an antispasmodic that decreases muscle spasticity in a
client who has multiple sclerosis.
B) Increased urinary output
Urinary frequency is an adverse effect of baclofen rather than a therapeutic effect.
C) Increased mental alertness
Baclofen is an antispasmodic that can cause CNS adverse effects, such as drowsiness, fatigue,
and confusion, and does not produce an increase in the client's mental alertness as a
therapeutic effect.
D) Decreased heart rate
Baclofen is an antispasmodic and does not decrease the client's heart rate as a therapeutic
effect. - Answer A) Decreased muscle spasticity
The nurse should identify that baclofen is an antispasmodic that decreases muscle spasticity in a
client who has multiple sclerosis.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking ferrous sulfate orally. Which of the
following findings reported by the client should indicate to the nurse that the medication is
having a therapeutic effect?
A) Passage of a soft, formed stool daily
Passing a soft, formed stool is not an indication the medication is having a therapeutic effect.
Ferrous sulfate can cause constipation.
B) Decreased number of viral illnesses
A decreased number of viral illnesses is not an indication the ferrous sulfate is having a
therapeutic effect.
C) Improved ability to fall asleep
,The client who takes ferrous sulfate, which is used to treat iron-deficiency anemia, can have
fatigue and shortness of breath due to a low hemoglobin level. An increased tolerance to
exercise is an indication - Answer D) Increased tolerance to exercise
The client who takes ferrous sulfate, which is used to treat iron-deficiency anemia, can have
fatigue and shortness of breath due to a low hemoglobin level. An increased tolerance to
exercise is an indication the ferrous sulfate is having a therapeutic effect. Increased tolerance to
exercise occurs when the hemoglobin level increases, allowing more oxygen to be carried to the
vital organs and tissue.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is asking about taking celecoxib for treatment of
joint pain. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings is a contraindication to
receiving celecoxib?
A) Hyperglycemia
Celecoxib is not contraindicated for a client who has hyperglycemia.
B) Allergy to penicillin
Celecoxib can cause hypersensitivity reactions in clients who are allergic to sulfonamides or
salicylates rather than penicillin.
C) History of myocardial infarction
Celecoxib increases the risk of myocardial infarction caused by increased vasoconstriction and
unimpeded platelet aggregation. It is contraindicated for a client who has a history of
myocardial infarction or heart disease.
D) Peptic ulcer disease
Celecoxib should be used with caution for clients who have peptic ulcer disease; however, it is
not contraindicated. - Answer C) History of myocardial infarction
Celecoxib increases the risk of myocardial infarction caused by increased vasoconstriction and
unimpeded platelet aggregation. It is contraindicated for a client who has a history of
myocardial infarction or heart disease.
A client comes to an urgent care clinic and announces with great enthusiasm, "I am an expert at
all things medical as they apply to me, and I require zolpidem." The client's pupils are dilated,
along with an elevated heart rate and blood pressure level. The nurse should suspect
intoxication with which of the following substances?
A) Alcohol
The client who has alcohol intoxication typically has slurred speech, drowsiness, impaired
judgment, irritability, and decreased blood pressure.
, C) Barbiturates
The client who has barbiturate toxicity typically has respiratory depression, constricted pupils,
drowsiness, impaired judgment, irritability, and decreased blood pressure.
D) Heroin
The client who has her - Answer B) Cocaine
The client who has cocaine intoxication typically has tachycardia, elevated blood pressure,
dilated pupils, and displays delusions. This client's behavior and physiological data indicate
cocaine intoxication.
A nurse is planning to administer metoprolol to a client who has heart failure and a heart rate of
48/min. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A) Ambulate the client before administering the medication.
A client who has a heart rate of 50/min or below can become hypotensive. Therefore,
ambulating can increase the client's risk of falling. However, the nurse should not administer
this medication because of the client's bradycardia.
B) Give the medication when the client has an empty stomach.
The nurse should administer the medication to the client with meals or immediately after
meals. This medication can mask manifestations of hypoglycemia if the client has diabetes.
C) Administer one-half of the client's prescribed dose.
The nurse should notify the provider of the client's heart rate to determine when to administer
the next dose or if a decrease in the dosage is needed.
D) Withhold the client's - Answer D) Withhold the client's medication.
The nurse should withhold the metoprolol when the client's heart rate is 50/min or less and
notify the provider.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving 0.9% sodium chloride 1,000 mL to infuse over 8 hr.
The drop factor on the manual IV tubing is 15 gtt/mL. The nurse should ensure that the manual
infusion is set to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.
Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.) - Answer Step 1: What is the unit of
measurement the nurse should calculate? gtt/min
Step 2: What is the quantity of the drop factor that is available ? 15 gtt/mL
Step 3: What is the volume the nurse should infuse? 1,000 mL
Step 4: What is the total infusion time? 8 hr
Guide Exam and Actual Verified
Answers (2025-2026) Edition.
A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis and has a new prescription for baclofen.
Which of the following findings indicates to the nurse that the medication is having a
therapeutic effect?
A) Decreased muscle spasticity
The nurse should identify that baclofen is an antispasmodic that decreases muscle spasticity in a
client who has multiple sclerosis.
B) Increased urinary output
Urinary frequency is an adverse effect of baclofen rather than a therapeutic effect.
C) Increased mental alertness
Baclofen is an antispasmodic that can cause CNS adverse effects, such as drowsiness, fatigue,
and confusion, and does not produce an increase in the client's mental alertness as a
therapeutic effect.
D) Decreased heart rate
Baclofen is an antispasmodic and does not decrease the client's heart rate as a therapeutic
effect. - Answer A) Decreased muscle spasticity
The nurse should identify that baclofen is an antispasmodic that decreases muscle spasticity in a
client who has multiple sclerosis.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking ferrous sulfate orally. Which of the
following findings reported by the client should indicate to the nurse that the medication is
having a therapeutic effect?
A) Passage of a soft, formed stool daily
Passing a soft, formed stool is not an indication the medication is having a therapeutic effect.
Ferrous sulfate can cause constipation.
B) Decreased number of viral illnesses
A decreased number of viral illnesses is not an indication the ferrous sulfate is having a
therapeutic effect.
C) Improved ability to fall asleep
,The client who takes ferrous sulfate, which is used to treat iron-deficiency anemia, can have
fatigue and shortness of breath due to a low hemoglobin level. An increased tolerance to
exercise is an indication - Answer D) Increased tolerance to exercise
The client who takes ferrous sulfate, which is used to treat iron-deficiency anemia, can have
fatigue and shortness of breath due to a low hemoglobin level. An increased tolerance to
exercise is an indication the ferrous sulfate is having a therapeutic effect. Increased tolerance to
exercise occurs when the hemoglobin level increases, allowing more oxygen to be carried to the
vital organs and tissue.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is asking about taking celecoxib for treatment of
joint pain. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings is a contraindication to
receiving celecoxib?
A) Hyperglycemia
Celecoxib is not contraindicated for a client who has hyperglycemia.
B) Allergy to penicillin
Celecoxib can cause hypersensitivity reactions in clients who are allergic to sulfonamides or
salicylates rather than penicillin.
C) History of myocardial infarction
Celecoxib increases the risk of myocardial infarction caused by increased vasoconstriction and
unimpeded platelet aggregation. It is contraindicated for a client who has a history of
myocardial infarction or heart disease.
D) Peptic ulcer disease
Celecoxib should be used with caution for clients who have peptic ulcer disease; however, it is
not contraindicated. - Answer C) History of myocardial infarction
Celecoxib increases the risk of myocardial infarction caused by increased vasoconstriction and
unimpeded platelet aggregation. It is contraindicated for a client who has a history of
myocardial infarction or heart disease.
A client comes to an urgent care clinic and announces with great enthusiasm, "I am an expert at
all things medical as they apply to me, and I require zolpidem." The client's pupils are dilated,
along with an elevated heart rate and blood pressure level. The nurse should suspect
intoxication with which of the following substances?
A) Alcohol
The client who has alcohol intoxication typically has slurred speech, drowsiness, impaired
judgment, irritability, and decreased blood pressure.
, C) Barbiturates
The client who has barbiturate toxicity typically has respiratory depression, constricted pupils,
drowsiness, impaired judgment, irritability, and decreased blood pressure.
D) Heroin
The client who has her - Answer B) Cocaine
The client who has cocaine intoxication typically has tachycardia, elevated blood pressure,
dilated pupils, and displays delusions. This client's behavior and physiological data indicate
cocaine intoxication.
A nurse is planning to administer metoprolol to a client who has heart failure and a heart rate of
48/min. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A) Ambulate the client before administering the medication.
A client who has a heart rate of 50/min or below can become hypotensive. Therefore,
ambulating can increase the client's risk of falling. However, the nurse should not administer
this medication because of the client's bradycardia.
B) Give the medication when the client has an empty stomach.
The nurse should administer the medication to the client with meals or immediately after
meals. This medication can mask manifestations of hypoglycemia if the client has diabetes.
C) Administer one-half of the client's prescribed dose.
The nurse should notify the provider of the client's heart rate to determine when to administer
the next dose or if a decrease in the dosage is needed.
D) Withhold the client's - Answer D) Withhold the client's medication.
The nurse should withhold the metoprolol when the client's heart rate is 50/min or less and
notify the provider.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving 0.9% sodium chloride 1,000 mL to infuse over 8 hr.
The drop factor on the manual IV tubing is 15 gtt/mL. The nurse should ensure that the manual
infusion is set to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.
Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.) - Answer Step 1: What is the unit of
measurement the nurse should calculate? gtt/min
Step 2: What is the quantity of the drop factor that is available ? 15 gtt/mL
Step 3: What is the volume the nurse should infuse? 1,000 mL
Step 4: What is the total infusion time? 8 hr
