APHR: HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT AND RETENTION
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Functional Area 4 tests knowledge of: - ANS 1. Applicable laws and regulations related to
training and development activities (for example: Title VII, ADA, Title 17 [Copyright law])
2. Training delivery format (for example: virtual, classroom, on-the-job)
3. Techniques to evaluate training programs (for example: participant surveys, pre- and post-
testing, after action review)
4. Career development practices (for example: succession planning, dual career ladders)
5. Performance appraisal methods (for example: ranking, rating scales)
6. Performance management practices (for example: setting goals, benchmarking, feedback)
Laws and Regulations - ANS Training opportunities should be available to all employees,
regardless of their race, national origin, age, religion, or sex.
Accommodations should be made to training opportunities that would otherwise exclude
employees with disabilities.
Keep in mind the following laws:
- title vii
1 Copyright ©BRIGHSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2025
,- age discrimination in employment act
- americans with disabilities act
Patents and Copyright - ANS Trainers who want to use training materials produced by others
need to make sure that use of those materials is not restricted by federal law.
The most relevant federal statutes are the Copyright Act of 1976 and the U.S. Patent Act.
Copyright - ANS the legal right to publish, reproduce, or perform a literary, artistic, or
musical work.
The owner of the copyright can authorize others to use the copyrighted material and may
charge a fee for the right to do so.
copyright lasts for the life of the author, plus 70 years
two main exceptions to copyright - ANS 1. involves full-time employees who were paid to
produce original work; in such a case, the copyright belongs to the employer who paid for the
work to be done.
2. involves freelancers who were commissioned to produce original work; in such a case, the
copyright belongs to the person who commissioned and paid for the work.
These two exceptions are known as work-for-hire exceptions; in these cases, the copyright lasts
for 95 years from the first date of publication or 120 years from the date of creation, whichever
is shorter.
public domain - ANS in terms of "copyright" - may be used by anyone, without permission.
Works produced by employees of the federal government, as a normal part of their jobs, are
also in the public domain.
2 Copyright ©BRIGHSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2025
, Fair Use Doctrine - ANS a limited amount of a copyrighted work can be used without
permission under certain circumstances, usually when it is used for purposes of commentary,
criticism, news reporting, or educational activities.
In general, fair use applies most often to relatively brief quotations or passages from a work
used in a journalistic or academic context.
patent - ANS a license granted by the government to an inventor, which gives the inventor
the exclusive right to use or sell an invention for a set time.
Anyone else who uses or sells the invention without the permission of the patent-holder can be
sued for damages.
three main types of patents: - ANS - Utility patents, also known as patents for invention,
apply to the invention of what the U.S. Patent Office calls "a new and useful process, machine,
manufacture, or composition of matter, or a new and useful improvement thereof." About 90
percent of recently issued patents have been utility patents. These patents last for 20 years.
- Design patents apply to what the Patent Office describes as a "new, original, and ornamental
design embodied in or applied to an article of manufacture."
- Design patents issued after May 13, 2015, last for 15 years; those issued before that date last
for 14 years.
Plant patents are granted to those who develop, discover, or invent new varieties of asexually
reproduced plants. Plant patents last for 20 years.
Training - ANS refers to activities that seek to expand the knowledge or skills of an individual
so that he or she can better accomplish a current job.
i.e. lectures, workshops, seminars, tutorials, audio-video recordings, workbooks, and online
learning.
3 Copyright ©BRIGHSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2025
DEVELOPMENT AND RETENTION
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Functional Area 4 tests knowledge of: - ANS 1. Applicable laws and regulations related to
training and development activities (for example: Title VII, ADA, Title 17 [Copyright law])
2. Training delivery format (for example: virtual, classroom, on-the-job)
3. Techniques to evaluate training programs (for example: participant surveys, pre- and post-
testing, after action review)
4. Career development practices (for example: succession planning, dual career ladders)
5. Performance appraisal methods (for example: ranking, rating scales)
6. Performance management practices (for example: setting goals, benchmarking, feedback)
Laws and Regulations - ANS Training opportunities should be available to all employees,
regardless of their race, national origin, age, religion, or sex.
Accommodations should be made to training opportunities that would otherwise exclude
employees with disabilities.
Keep in mind the following laws:
- title vii
1 Copyright ©BRIGHSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2025
,- age discrimination in employment act
- americans with disabilities act
Patents and Copyright - ANS Trainers who want to use training materials produced by others
need to make sure that use of those materials is not restricted by federal law.
The most relevant federal statutes are the Copyright Act of 1976 and the U.S. Patent Act.
Copyright - ANS the legal right to publish, reproduce, or perform a literary, artistic, or
musical work.
The owner of the copyright can authorize others to use the copyrighted material and may
charge a fee for the right to do so.
copyright lasts for the life of the author, plus 70 years
two main exceptions to copyright - ANS 1. involves full-time employees who were paid to
produce original work; in such a case, the copyright belongs to the employer who paid for the
work to be done.
2. involves freelancers who were commissioned to produce original work; in such a case, the
copyright belongs to the person who commissioned and paid for the work.
These two exceptions are known as work-for-hire exceptions; in these cases, the copyright lasts
for 95 years from the first date of publication or 120 years from the date of creation, whichever
is shorter.
public domain - ANS in terms of "copyright" - may be used by anyone, without permission.
Works produced by employees of the federal government, as a normal part of their jobs, are
also in the public domain.
2 Copyright ©BRIGHSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2025
, Fair Use Doctrine - ANS a limited amount of a copyrighted work can be used without
permission under certain circumstances, usually when it is used for purposes of commentary,
criticism, news reporting, or educational activities.
In general, fair use applies most often to relatively brief quotations or passages from a work
used in a journalistic or academic context.
patent - ANS a license granted by the government to an inventor, which gives the inventor
the exclusive right to use or sell an invention for a set time.
Anyone else who uses or sells the invention without the permission of the patent-holder can be
sued for damages.
three main types of patents: - ANS - Utility patents, also known as patents for invention,
apply to the invention of what the U.S. Patent Office calls "a new and useful process, machine,
manufacture, or composition of matter, or a new and useful improvement thereof." About 90
percent of recently issued patents have been utility patents. These patents last for 20 years.
- Design patents apply to what the Patent Office describes as a "new, original, and ornamental
design embodied in or applied to an article of manufacture."
- Design patents issued after May 13, 2015, last for 15 years; those issued before that date last
for 14 years.
Plant patents are granted to those who develop, discover, or invent new varieties of asexually
reproduced plants. Plant patents last for 20 years.
Training - ANS refers to activities that seek to expand the knowledge or skills of an individual
so that he or she can better accomplish a current job.
i.e. lectures, workshops, seminars, tutorials, audio-video recordings, workbooks, and online
learning.
3 Copyright ©BRIGHSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2025
