,Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
m
f m
f m
f m
f ji m
f m
f ji mf
MULTIPLE CHOICE mf
1. The―father‖ofimmunologyisgenerallyconsideredtobe
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: m f m f B
Louis Pasteur is generallyconsidered to be t he ―father of immunology.‖
ji mf mf ji mf mf ji mf mf
DIF: m f m f Cognitive Level: I m
f mf
2. An early f orm of immunization was practiced bythe
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. mf
ANS: m f m f C
Beginning about 1000 AD, t he Chinese practiced a f orm of immunization byinhaling d ried powd
ji mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
ers derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
DIF: m f m f Cognitive Level: I m
f mf
3. A specific f unction of t he immune system is t o
mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf
a. recognize self f rom nonself. mf mf mf
b. defend t he body against nonself. mf mf m
f mf
c. amplifyspecific functions. mf
d. Both A and B. mf mf mf
ANS: m f m f D
The f unction of t he immune system i s t o recognize self f rom nonself and d efend t he body against
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf mf jim
fnonself. Such a system is necessary f or survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effect
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf mf
or mechanisms that usually amplify t he specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immu
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
f
ne system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble f actors
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
(e.g., complement).
f mf
DIF: m f m f Cognitive Level: I m
f mf
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
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f
a. natural resistance. mf
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. mf mf ji mf
, c. an autoimmune d isorder. mf mf
d. recoveryfrom infectious disease. ji mf
ANS: m f m f C
The d esirable consequences of i mmunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resis
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
tance t o infectious d iseases. A d eficiencyor d ysfunction of t he immune system can cause many di
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
sorders. Undesirable consequences of i mmunity include allergy, rejection of a t ransplanted orga
mf ji mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf
n, or an autoimmune disorder.
mf mf mf mf
DIF: m f m f Cognitive Level: I m
f mf
5. The immune system has various d istinctive characteristics except;
m
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a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among d ifferent cells. mf mf mf
ANS: m f m f D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely d istributed elements, with t he
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
f mf mf mf mf
distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation among
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in t
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
he immune system. Nonspecific elements of t he immune system demonstrate mobility. I n additi o
m
f mf mf mf mf mf mf ji ji mf mf mf mf
n, specific and nonspecific cellular components of t he immune system can replicate. Cooperatio n i
mf mf mf mf m
f mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
s required f or optimal f unctioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell pro du
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf
cts, and nonlymphoid elements.
mf ji mf
DIF: m f m f Cognitive Level: I m
f mf
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac d uring t he mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
a. immediate hours after conception mf mf mf
b. second month of gestation. mf mf mf
c. second t rimester of gestation. mf mf mf
d. periods of severe anemia in children. mf m
f mf mf mf
ANS: m f m f A
The sites of blood cell d evelopment, or hematopoiesis, f ollow a d efinite sequence in the embryo
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
and f etus. Hematopoiesis occurs in t he yolk sac d uring t he second month of gestation.
f mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
DIF: Cognitive Level: II mf mf
7. The sequence of blood cell development in t he embryo and fetus is
mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
mf mf mf mf
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
mf mf mf mf
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. mf mf mf mf
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac. m
f mf mf ji
ANS: m f m f A
, The f irst blood cells are p rimitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) f ormed in the islets of t h
mf mf ji ji mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf
e yolk sac d uring t he f irst 2 t o 8 weeks of life. Gradually, t he l iver and spleen replace t he yolk sa c
mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
as the sites of blood cell development. By t he second month of gestation, t he liver becomes the
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
major site of hematopoiesis, and granular t ypes of leukocytes have made t heir initial appearanc
mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
e. The liver and spleen predominate f rom about 2 t o 5 months of f etal life. I n t he f ourth month of g
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
estation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After t he fifth f etal month, bone marrow b
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf
egins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
DIF: Cognitive Level: II mf mf
8. The primary f unction of mature neutrophils is
m
f m
f mf mf mf mf
a. to reduce inflammation. mf mf
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
mf mf mf mf mf m
f
c. antigen recognition. mf
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: m f m f D
Various phagocytic cells continually c irculate t hroughout t he blood, lymph, gastrointestinal syst
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
em, and respiratory t ract. When t rauma occurs, t he neutrophils arrive at t he s ite of injury and can
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf
be f ound in the initial exudate in less t han 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving t o t he inflamm
mf mf ji mf mf m
f mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
atory site. Macrophages resident in t he t issues of t he body are already in place t o d eal with an intr
mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf ji mf mf mf mf ji mf
uding agent. Additional macrophages f rom t he bone marrow and other t issues can be released in s
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
evere infections. mf
DIF: Cognitive Level: II mf mf
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. mf mf mf
ANS: m f m f D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of t hree types
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf
myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf
3. Tertiarygranules containing substances such as caspases mf mf mf mf mf
DIF: m f m f Cognitive Level: I m
f mf
10. The o rigin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated w
mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf ji mf ji mf mf mf
mf ith:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba mf
c. allergic reactions ji
d. bacteria
ANS: m f m f C
m
f m
f m
f m
f ji m
f m
f ji mf
MULTIPLE CHOICE mf
1. The―father‖ofimmunologyisgenerallyconsideredtobe
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: m f m f B
Louis Pasteur is generallyconsidered to be t he ―father of immunology.‖
ji mf mf ji mf mf ji mf mf
DIF: m f m f Cognitive Level: I m
f mf
2. An early f orm of immunization was practiced bythe
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. mf
ANS: m f m f C
Beginning about 1000 AD, t he Chinese practiced a f orm of immunization byinhaling d ried powd
ji mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
ers derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
DIF: m f m f Cognitive Level: I m
f mf
3. A specific f unction of t he immune system is t o
mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf
a. recognize self f rom nonself. mf mf mf
b. defend t he body against nonself. mf mf m
f mf
c. amplifyspecific functions. mf
d. Both A and B. mf mf mf
ANS: m f m f D
The f unction of t he immune system i s t o recognize self f rom nonself and d efend t he body against
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf mf jim
fnonself. Such a system is necessary f or survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effect
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf mf
or mechanisms that usually amplify t he specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immu
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
f
ne system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble f actors
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
(e.g., complement).
f mf
DIF: m f m f Cognitive Level: I m
f mf
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
mf mf mf mf m
f
a. natural resistance. mf
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. mf mf ji mf
, c. an autoimmune d isorder. mf mf
d. recoveryfrom infectious disease. ji mf
ANS: m f m f C
The d esirable consequences of i mmunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resis
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
tance t o infectious d iseases. A d eficiencyor d ysfunction of t he immune system can cause many di
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
sorders. Undesirable consequences of i mmunity include allergy, rejection of a t ransplanted orga
mf ji mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf
n, or an autoimmune disorder.
mf mf mf mf
DIF: m f m f Cognitive Level: I m
f mf
5. The immune system has various d istinctive characteristics except;
m
f mf mf mf mf mf mf
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among d ifferent cells. mf mf mf
ANS: m f m f D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely d istributed elements, with t he
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
f mf mf mf mf
distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation among
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in t
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
he immune system. Nonspecific elements of t he immune system demonstrate mobility. I n additi o
m
f mf mf mf mf mf mf ji ji mf mf mf mf
n, specific and nonspecific cellular components of t he immune system can replicate. Cooperatio n i
mf mf mf mf m
f mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
s required f or optimal f unctioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell pro du
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf
cts, and nonlymphoid elements.
mf ji mf
DIF: m f m f Cognitive Level: I m
f mf
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac d uring t he mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
a. immediate hours after conception mf mf mf
b. second month of gestation. mf mf mf
c. second t rimester of gestation. mf mf mf
d. periods of severe anemia in children. mf m
f mf mf mf
ANS: m f m f A
The sites of blood cell d evelopment, or hematopoiesis, f ollow a d efinite sequence in the embryo
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
and f etus. Hematopoiesis occurs in t he yolk sac d uring t he second month of gestation.
f mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
DIF: Cognitive Level: II mf mf
7. The sequence of blood cell development in t he embryo and fetus is
mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
mf mf mf mf
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
mf mf mf mf
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. mf mf mf mf
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac. m
f mf mf ji
ANS: m f m f A
, The f irst blood cells are p rimitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) f ormed in the islets of t h
mf mf ji ji mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf
e yolk sac d uring t he f irst 2 t o 8 weeks of life. Gradually, t he l iver and spleen replace t he yolk sa c
mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
as the sites of blood cell development. By t he second month of gestation, t he liver becomes the
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
major site of hematopoiesis, and granular t ypes of leukocytes have made t heir initial appearanc
mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
e. The liver and spleen predominate f rom about 2 t o 5 months of f etal life. I n t he f ourth month of g
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
estation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After t he fifth f etal month, bone marrow b
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf
egins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
DIF: Cognitive Level: II mf mf
8. The primary f unction of mature neutrophils is
m
f m
f mf mf mf mf
a. to reduce inflammation. mf mf
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
mf mf mf mf mf m
f
c. antigen recognition. mf
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: m f m f D
Various phagocytic cells continually c irculate t hroughout t he blood, lymph, gastrointestinal syst
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
em, and respiratory t ract. When t rauma occurs, t he neutrophils arrive at t he s ite of injury and can
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf
be f ound in the initial exudate in less t han 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving t o t he inflamm
mf mf ji mf mf m
f mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
atory site. Macrophages resident in t he t issues of t he body are already in place t o d eal with an intr
mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf mf mf ji mf ji mf mf mf mf ji mf
uding agent. Additional macrophages f rom t he bone marrow and other t issues can be released in s
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
evere infections. mf
DIF: Cognitive Level: II mf mf
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. mf mf mf
ANS: m f m f D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of t hree types
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf
myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf
3. Tertiarygranules containing substances such as caspases mf mf mf mf mf
DIF: m f m f Cognitive Level: I m
f mf
10. The o rigin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated w
mf mf mf mf ji mf mf mf mf ji mf ji mf mf mf
mf ith:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba mf
c. allergic reactions ji
d. bacteria
ANS: m f m f C
