TESTBANK FOR ROACHES INTRODUCTORY CLINICAL
#sd #sd #sd #sd
PHARMACOLOGY 11TH EDITION
#sd #sd #sd
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nursing instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a group of nursing students about
pharmacology. When describing this topic, the instructor would focus the discussion on
which of the following as an essential aspect?
A) Drug name
B) Drug class
C) Drug action
D) Drug source
Ans: C
Feedback:
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their action on living organisms. Thus, an
essential aspect of pharmacology is drug action. An understanding of the drug name,
drug class, and drug source is important, but the most critical aspect related to
pharmacology is how the drug acts in the body.
2. A nursing student is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a patient. The student
reviews information about the drug and its actions. Which of the following would be the
best choice for obtaining this information? Select all that apply.
A) Nursing instructor
B) Nurse assigned to the patient
C) Clinical drug reference
D) Prescribing health care provider
E) Clinical pharmacist
Ans: C, E
Feedback:
Although the nursing student can ask the nursing instructor, the nurse assigned to the
patient, and the prescribing health care provider for information about the drug, the best
choices for drug information would include an appropriate drug reference and the
clinical pharmacist.
3. When describing the various types of medications to a group of nursing students, a
nursing instructor would identify which of the following as a source for deriving
medications? Select all that apply.
A) Plants
B) Synthetic sources
C) Mold
D) Minerals
E) Animals
Ans: A, B, C, D, E
Feedback:
Medications are derived from natural sources, for example, plants, molds, minerals, and
animals, as well as created synthetically in a laboratory.
SCHOLARVAULT
,4. Which #sdof #sdthe #sdfollowing #sdnames #sdmay #sdbe #sdassigned #sdto #sda #sddrug #sdduring #sdthe
#sdprocess #sdof #sddevelopment? #sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) Chemical #sdname
B) Official #sdname
C) Pharmacologic #sdname
D) Trade #sdname
E) Nonproprietary
#sdname #sdAns: # s d A, #sdB, #sdD,
#sdE
Feedback:
Throughout #sdthe #sdprocess #sdof #sddevelopment, #sddrugs #sdmay #sdhave #sdseveral #sdnames
#sdassigned #sdto #sdthem #sdincluding #sda #sdchemical #sdname, #sda #sdgeneric #sd(nonproprietary)
#sdname, #sdan #sdofficial #sdname, #sdand #sda #sdtrade #sdor #sdbrand #sdname.
5. A #sddrug #sdmay#sdbe #sdclassified #sd by#sdwhich #sdof #sdthe #sdfollowing? # s d Select #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) The #sdchemical #sdtype #sdof #sdthe #sddrug's #sdactive #sdingredient
B) The #sdway#sdthe #sddrug #sdis #sdused #sdto #sdtreat #sda #sdspecific #sdcondition
C) The #sdgeneric #sdname #sdof #sdthe #sddrug
D) The #sdtrade #sdname #sdof #sdthe #sddrug
E) The #sdnonproprietary #sdname #sdof #sdthe
#sddrug #sdAns: #sdA, #sdB
Feedback:
A #sddrug #sdmay #sdbe #sdclassified #sdby #sdthe #sdchemical #sdtype #sdof #sdthe #sdactive #sdingredient #sdor
#sdby #sdthe #sdway #sdit #sdis #sdused #sdto #sdtreat #sda #sdparticular #sdcondition. #sdGeneric, #sdtrade, #sdand
#sdnonproprietary #sdrefer #sdto #sdhow #sda #sddrug #sdis #sdnamed.
6. A #sdgroup #sdof #sdnursing #sdstudents #sdare #sdreviewing #sdinformation #sdabout #sdthe #sdprocess
#sdof #sddrug #sddevelopment #sdin #sdthe #sdUnited #sdStates. #sdThe #sdstudents #sddemonstrate
#sdunderstanding #sdof #sdthis #sdprocess #sdwhen #sdthey #sdidentify #sdthat #sdwhich #sdof #sdthe
#sdfollowing #sdcategories #sdare #sdassigned #sdby #sdthe #sdFood #sdand #sdDrug #sdAdministration
#sdto #sdnewly #sdapproved #sddrugs? #sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) Metabolite
B) Noncontrolled #sdsubstance
C) Prescription
D) Nonprescription
E) Controlled
#sdsubstance #sdAns: #sdC, #sdD,
#sdE
Feedback:
Once #sddrugs #sdare #sdapproved #sdfor #sduse, #sdthe #sdFDA #sdassigns #sdthe #sddrug #sdto #sdone #sdof #sdthe
#sdfollowing #sdcategories: #sdprescription, #sdnonprescription, #sdor #sdcontrolled #sdsubstance.
#sdMetabolite #sdrefers #sdto #sdthe #sdinactive #sdform #sdof #sdthe #sddrug. #sdNoncontrolled #sdsubstance
#sdis #sda #sdterm #sdthat #sdis #sdnot #sdused.
Page # s d 2
SCHOLARVAULT
,7. Which #sdof #sdthe #sdfollowing #sdwould #sdbe #sdmost #sdimportant #sdfor #sdthe #sdnurse #sdto #sddo #sdto
#sdensure #sdthe #sdsafe #sduse #sdof #sdprescription #sddrugs #sdin #sdthe #sdinstitutional #sdsetting?
#sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) Administering #sddrugs
B) Monitoring #sdclients #sdfor #sddrug #sdeffects
C) Prescribing #sddrugs
D) Evaluating #sdclients #sdfor #sdtoxic #sdeffects
E) Educating #sdclients/caregivers #sdabout
#sddrugs #sdAns: #sdA, #sdB, #sdD, #sdE
Feedback:
In #sdthe #sdinstitutional #sdsetting, #sdthe #sdnurse's #sdrole #sdto #sdensure #sdsafe #sduse #sdof
#sdprescription #sddrugs #sdincludes #sdadministering #sddrugs, #sdmonitoring #sddrug #sdeffects,
#sdevaluating #sdfor #sdtoxic #sdeffects, #sdand #sdeducating #sdclients #sdand #sdcaregivers #sdabout
#sddrugs.
8. The #sdnurse #sdis #sdhelping #sda #sdclient #sdreview #sda #sdprescription #sdfrom #sdthe #sdhealth #sdcare
#sdprovider. #sdWhen #sdexamining #sdthe #sdprescription, #sdwhich #sdof #sdthe #sdfollowing #sdwould
#sdthe #sdnurse #sdexpect #sdto #sdfind #sddocumented? #sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) Name #sdof #sdthe #sddrug
B) Dosage #sdof #sdthe #sddrug
C) Route #sdof #sddrug #sdadministration
D) Times #sdof #sddrug #sdadministration
E) Licensed #sdprescriber's
#sdsignature #sdAns: #sdA, #sdB, #sdC, #sdD, #sdE
Feedback:
The #sdprescription #sdmust #sdcontain #sdthe #sdclient's #sdname, #sdthe #sdname #sdof #sdthe #sddrug, #sdthe
#sddosage, #sdthe #sdmethod #sdand #sdtimes #sdof #sdadministration, #sdand #sdthe #sdsignature #sdof #sdthe
#sdlicensed #sdhealth #sdcare #sdprovider #sdprescribing #sdthe #sddrug.
9. After #sdteaching #sda #sdgroup #sdof #sdnursing #sdstudents #sdabout #sdnonprescription #sddrugs, #sdthe
#sdnursing #sdinstructor #sddetermines #sdthat #sdthe #sdteaching #sdwas #sdsuccessful #sdwhen #sdthe
#sdstudents #sdidentify #sdwhich #sdof #sdthe #sdfollowing? #sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) They #sdrequire #sda #sdlicensed #sdhealth #sdcare #sdprovider's #sdsignature.
B) They #sdare #sdreferred #sdto #sdas #sdover-the-counter #sddrugs.
C) They #sdcan #sdbe #sdtaken #sdwithout #sdrisk #sdto #sdthe #sdclient.
D) They#sdhave #sdcertain #sdlabeling #sdrequirements.
E) They#sdshould #sdbe #sdtaken #sdonly #sdas #sddirected #sdon
#sdthe #sdlabel. #sdAns: #sdB, #sdD, #sdE
Feedback:
Nonprescription #sddrugs #sdare #sdoften #sdreferred #sdto #sdas #sdover-the-counter #sd(OTC) #sddrugs.
#sdThey #sddo #sdnot #sdrequire #sda #sdprescription #sd(a #sdlicensed #sdhealth #sdcare #sdprovider's
#sdsignature) #sdbut #sddo #sdnot #sdcome #sdwithout #sdrisk #sdto #sdthe #sdclient. #sdThe #sdfederal
#sdgovernment #sdhas #sdimposed #sdlabeling #sdrequirements #sdof #sdOTC #sddrugs #sdand #sdthey
#sdshould #sdonly #sdbe #sdtaken #sdas #sddirected #sdon #sdthe #sdlabel #sdunless #sdunder #sdthe #sdsupervision
#sdof #sda #sdhealth #sdcare #sdprovider.
Page # s d 3
SCHOLARVAULT
, 10. A #sdnursing #sdstudent #sdis #sdreviewing #sdinformation #sdabout #sdthe #sdControlled
#sdSubstances #sdAct #sdof #sd1970. #sdThe #sdstudent #sdwould #sdexpect #sdto #sdfind #sdwhich #sdof #sdthe
#sdfollowing #sdas #sdbeing #sdregulated #sdfor #sddrugs #sdclassified #sdas #sdcontrolled #sdsubstances?
#sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) Manufacturing
B) Elimination
C) Distribution
D) Formulation
E) Dispensing
#sdAns: #sdA, #sdC,
#sdE
Feedback:
The #sdControlled #sdSubstances #sdAct #sdof #sd1970 #sdregulates #sdthe #sdmanufacture,
#sddistribution, #sdand #sddispensing #sdof #sddrugs #sdclassified #sdas #sdcontrolled #sdsubstances.
#sdElimination #sdrefers #sdto #sdthe #sdexcretion #sdof #sddrugs #sdfrom #sdthe #sdbody, #sda
#sdpharmacokinetic #sdactivity. #sdThe #sdact #sddoes #sdnot #sdaddress #sdformulation #sdof #sdthe #sddrug.
11. When #sdreviewing #sdinformation #sdabout #sdthe #sdOrphan #sdDrug #sdProgram, #sdwhich #sdof #sdthe
#sdfollowing #sdwould #sdthe #sdnurse #sdexpect #sdto #sdfind? #sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) The #sdprogram #sdencourages #sdthe #sddevelopment #sdand #sdmarketing #sdof #sdproducts #sdto
#sdtreat #sdrare #sddiseases.
B) The #sdprogram #sdgrants #sdprovisional #sdapproval #sdwith #sda #sdwritten #sdcommitment
#sdfrom #sdthe #sddrug #sdcompany #sdto #sdformally #sddemonstrate #sdclient #sdbenefits.
C) The #sdprogram #sdprovides #sdfor #sdincentives, #sdsuch #sdas #sdresearch #sdgrants, #sdprotocol
#sdassistance, #sdand #sdspecial #sdtax #sdcredits, #sdto #sddevelop #sdproducts #sdto #sdtreat #sdrare
#sddiseases.
D) The #sdprogram #sdgrants #sd7 #sdyears #sdof #sdexclusive #sdmarketing #sdrights #sdto #sdthe
#sdmanufacturer #sdif #sdapproved.
E) The #sdprogram #sdaccelerates #sdapproval #sdof #sddrugs #sdbased #sdon #sdpreliminary
#sdevidence #sdbefore #sdformal #sddemonstration #sdof #sdclient #sdbenefits.
Ans: # s d A, #sdC, #sdD
Feedback:
The #sdOrphan #sdDrug #sdProgram #sdencourages #sdthe #sddevelopment #sdand #sdmarketing #sdof
#sdproducts #sdused #sdto #sdtreat #sdrare #sddiseases. #sdThe #sdprogram #sdprovides #sdincentives #sdto
#sdencourage #sdmanufacturers #sdto #sddevelop #sdorphan #sddrugs, #sdand #sdif #sdapproved, #sdthe
#sdmanufacturer #sdhas #sd7 #sdyears #sdof #sdexclusive #sdmarketing #sdrights. #sdAccelerated
#sdprograms #sdinvolve #sdprovisional #sdapproval #sdand #sdapproval #sdbased #sdon #sdpreliminary
#sdevidence.
Page # s d 4
SCHOLARVAULT
#sd #sd #sd #sd
PHARMACOLOGY 11TH EDITION
#sd #sd #sd
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nursing instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a group of nursing students about
pharmacology. When describing this topic, the instructor would focus the discussion on
which of the following as an essential aspect?
A) Drug name
B) Drug class
C) Drug action
D) Drug source
Ans: C
Feedback:
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their action on living organisms. Thus, an
essential aspect of pharmacology is drug action. An understanding of the drug name,
drug class, and drug source is important, but the most critical aspect related to
pharmacology is how the drug acts in the body.
2. A nursing student is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a patient. The student
reviews information about the drug and its actions. Which of the following would be the
best choice for obtaining this information? Select all that apply.
A) Nursing instructor
B) Nurse assigned to the patient
C) Clinical drug reference
D) Prescribing health care provider
E) Clinical pharmacist
Ans: C, E
Feedback:
Although the nursing student can ask the nursing instructor, the nurse assigned to the
patient, and the prescribing health care provider for information about the drug, the best
choices for drug information would include an appropriate drug reference and the
clinical pharmacist.
3. When describing the various types of medications to a group of nursing students, a
nursing instructor would identify which of the following as a source for deriving
medications? Select all that apply.
A) Plants
B) Synthetic sources
C) Mold
D) Minerals
E) Animals
Ans: A, B, C, D, E
Feedback:
Medications are derived from natural sources, for example, plants, molds, minerals, and
animals, as well as created synthetically in a laboratory.
SCHOLARVAULT
,4. Which #sdof #sdthe #sdfollowing #sdnames #sdmay #sdbe #sdassigned #sdto #sda #sddrug #sdduring #sdthe
#sdprocess #sdof #sddevelopment? #sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) Chemical #sdname
B) Official #sdname
C) Pharmacologic #sdname
D) Trade #sdname
E) Nonproprietary
#sdname #sdAns: # s d A, #sdB, #sdD,
#sdE
Feedback:
Throughout #sdthe #sdprocess #sdof #sddevelopment, #sddrugs #sdmay #sdhave #sdseveral #sdnames
#sdassigned #sdto #sdthem #sdincluding #sda #sdchemical #sdname, #sda #sdgeneric #sd(nonproprietary)
#sdname, #sdan #sdofficial #sdname, #sdand #sda #sdtrade #sdor #sdbrand #sdname.
5. A #sddrug #sdmay#sdbe #sdclassified #sd by#sdwhich #sdof #sdthe #sdfollowing? # s d Select #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) The #sdchemical #sdtype #sdof #sdthe #sddrug's #sdactive #sdingredient
B) The #sdway#sdthe #sddrug #sdis #sdused #sdto #sdtreat #sda #sdspecific #sdcondition
C) The #sdgeneric #sdname #sdof #sdthe #sddrug
D) The #sdtrade #sdname #sdof #sdthe #sddrug
E) The #sdnonproprietary #sdname #sdof #sdthe
#sddrug #sdAns: #sdA, #sdB
Feedback:
A #sddrug #sdmay #sdbe #sdclassified #sdby #sdthe #sdchemical #sdtype #sdof #sdthe #sdactive #sdingredient #sdor
#sdby #sdthe #sdway #sdit #sdis #sdused #sdto #sdtreat #sda #sdparticular #sdcondition. #sdGeneric, #sdtrade, #sdand
#sdnonproprietary #sdrefer #sdto #sdhow #sda #sddrug #sdis #sdnamed.
6. A #sdgroup #sdof #sdnursing #sdstudents #sdare #sdreviewing #sdinformation #sdabout #sdthe #sdprocess
#sdof #sddrug #sddevelopment #sdin #sdthe #sdUnited #sdStates. #sdThe #sdstudents #sddemonstrate
#sdunderstanding #sdof #sdthis #sdprocess #sdwhen #sdthey #sdidentify #sdthat #sdwhich #sdof #sdthe
#sdfollowing #sdcategories #sdare #sdassigned #sdby #sdthe #sdFood #sdand #sdDrug #sdAdministration
#sdto #sdnewly #sdapproved #sddrugs? #sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) Metabolite
B) Noncontrolled #sdsubstance
C) Prescription
D) Nonprescription
E) Controlled
#sdsubstance #sdAns: #sdC, #sdD,
#sdE
Feedback:
Once #sddrugs #sdare #sdapproved #sdfor #sduse, #sdthe #sdFDA #sdassigns #sdthe #sddrug #sdto #sdone #sdof #sdthe
#sdfollowing #sdcategories: #sdprescription, #sdnonprescription, #sdor #sdcontrolled #sdsubstance.
#sdMetabolite #sdrefers #sdto #sdthe #sdinactive #sdform #sdof #sdthe #sddrug. #sdNoncontrolled #sdsubstance
#sdis #sda #sdterm #sdthat #sdis #sdnot #sdused.
Page # s d 2
SCHOLARVAULT
,7. Which #sdof #sdthe #sdfollowing #sdwould #sdbe #sdmost #sdimportant #sdfor #sdthe #sdnurse #sdto #sddo #sdto
#sdensure #sdthe #sdsafe #sduse #sdof #sdprescription #sddrugs #sdin #sdthe #sdinstitutional #sdsetting?
#sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) Administering #sddrugs
B) Monitoring #sdclients #sdfor #sddrug #sdeffects
C) Prescribing #sddrugs
D) Evaluating #sdclients #sdfor #sdtoxic #sdeffects
E) Educating #sdclients/caregivers #sdabout
#sddrugs #sdAns: #sdA, #sdB, #sdD, #sdE
Feedback:
In #sdthe #sdinstitutional #sdsetting, #sdthe #sdnurse's #sdrole #sdto #sdensure #sdsafe #sduse #sdof
#sdprescription #sddrugs #sdincludes #sdadministering #sddrugs, #sdmonitoring #sddrug #sdeffects,
#sdevaluating #sdfor #sdtoxic #sdeffects, #sdand #sdeducating #sdclients #sdand #sdcaregivers #sdabout
#sddrugs.
8. The #sdnurse #sdis #sdhelping #sda #sdclient #sdreview #sda #sdprescription #sdfrom #sdthe #sdhealth #sdcare
#sdprovider. #sdWhen #sdexamining #sdthe #sdprescription, #sdwhich #sdof #sdthe #sdfollowing #sdwould
#sdthe #sdnurse #sdexpect #sdto #sdfind #sddocumented? #sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) Name #sdof #sdthe #sddrug
B) Dosage #sdof #sdthe #sddrug
C) Route #sdof #sddrug #sdadministration
D) Times #sdof #sddrug #sdadministration
E) Licensed #sdprescriber's
#sdsignature #sdAns: #sdA, #sdB, #sdC, #sdD, #sdE
Feedback:
The #sdprescription #sdmust #sdcontain #sdthe #sdclient's #sdname, #sdthe #sdname #sdof #sdthe #sddrug, #sdthe
#sddosage, #sdthe #sdmethod #sdand #sdtimes #sdof #sdadministration, #sdand #sdthe #sdsignature #sdof #sdthe
#sdlicensed #sdhealth #sdcare #sdprovider #sdprescribing #sdthe #sddrug.
9. After #sdteaching #sda #sdgroup #sdof #sdnursing #sdstudents #sdabout #sdnonprescription #sddrugs, #sdthe
#sdnursing #sdinstructor #sddetermines #sdthat #sdthe #sdteaching #sdwas #sdsuccessful #sdwhen #sdthe
#sdstudents #sdidentify #sdwhich #sdof #sdthe #sdfollowing? #sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) They #sdrequire #sda #sdlicensed #sdhealth #sdcare #sdprovider's #sdsignature.
B) They #sdare #sdreferred #sdto #sdas #sdover-the-counter #sddrugs.
C) They #sdcan #sdbe #sdtaken #sdwithout #sdrisk #sdto #sdthe #sdclient.
D) They#sdhave #sdcertain #sdlabeling #sdrequirements.
E) They#sdshould #sdbe #sdtaken #sdonly #sdas #sddirected #sdon
#sdthe #sdlabel. #sdAns: #sdB, #sdD, #sdE
Feedback:
Nonprescription #sddrugs #sdare #sdoften #sdreferred #sdto #sdas #sdover-the-counter #sd(OTC) #sddrugs.
#sdThey #sddo #sdnot #sdrequire #sda #sdprescription #sd(a #sdlicensed #sdhealth #sdcare #sdprovider's
#sdsignature) #sdbut #sddo #sdnot #sdcome #sdwithout #sdrisk #sdto #sdthe #sdclient. #sdThe #sdfederal
#sdgovernment #sdhas #sdimposed #sdlabeling #sdrequirements #sdof #sdOTC #sddrugs #sdand #sdthey
#sdshould #sdonly #sdbe #sdtaken #sdas #sddirected #sdon #sdthe #sdlabel #sdunless #sdunder #sdthe #sdsupervision
#sdof #sda #sdhealth #sdcare #sdprovider.
Page # s d 3
SCHOLARVAULT
, 10. A #sdnursing #sdstudent #sdis #sdreviewing #sdinformation #sdabout #sdthe #sdControlled
#sdSubstances #sdAct #sdof #sd1970. #sdThe #sdstudent #sdwould #sdexpect #sdto #sdfind #sdwhich #sdof #sdthe
#sdfollowing #sdas #sdbeing #sdregulated #sdfor #sddrugs #sdclassified #sdas #sdcontrolled #sdsubstances?
#sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) Manufacturing
B) Elimination
C) Distribution
D) Formulation
E) Dispensing
#sdAns: #sdA, #sdC,
#sdE
Feedback:
The #sdControlled #sdSubstances #sdAct #sdof #sd1970 #sdregulates #sdthe #sdmanufacture,
#sddistribution, #sdand #sddispensing #sdof #sddrugs #sdclassified #sdas #sdcontrolled #sdsubstances.
#sdElimination #sdrefers #sdto #sdthe #sdexcretion #sdof #sddrugs #sdfrom #sdthe #sdbody, #sda
#sdpharmacokinetic #sdactivity. #sdThe #sdact #sddoes #sdnot #sdaddress #sdformulation #sdof #sdthe #sddrug.
11. When #sdreviewing #sdinformation #sdabout #sdthe #sdOrphan #sdDrug #sdProgram, #sdwhich #sdof #sdthe
#sdfollowing #sdwould #sdthe #sdnurse #sdexpect #sdto #sdfind? #sdSelect #sdall #sdthat #sdapply.
A) The #sdprogram #sdencourages #sdthe #sddevelopment #sdand #sdmarketing #sdof #sdproducts #sdto
#sdtreat #sdrare #sddiseases.
B) The #sdprogram #sdgrants #sdprovisional #sdapproval #sdwith #sda #sdwritten #sdcommitment
#sdfrom #sdthe #sddrug #sdcompany #sdto #sdformally #sddemonstrate #sdclient #sdbenefits.
C) The #sdprogram #sdprovides #sdfor #sdincentives, #sdsuch #sdas #sdresearch #sdgrants, #sdprotocol
#sdassistance, #sdand #sdspecial #sdtax #sdcredits, #sdto #sddevelop #sdproducts #sdto #sdtreat #sdrare
#sddiseases.
D) The #sdprogram #sdgrants #sd7 #sdyears #sdof #sdexclusive #sdmarketing #sdrights #sdto #sdthe
#sdmanufacturer #sdif #sdapproved.
E) The #sdprogram #sdaccelerates #sdapproval #sdof #sddrugs #sdbased #sdon #sdpreliminary
#sdevidence #sdbefore #sdformal #sddemonstration #sdof #sdclient #sdbenefits.
Ans: # s d A, #sdC, #sdD
Feedback:
The #sdOrphan #sdDrug #sdProgram #sdencourages #sdthe #sddevelopment #sdand #sdmarketing #sdof
#sdproducts #sdused #sdto #sdtreat #sdrare #sddiseases. #sdThe #sdprogram #sdprovides #sdincentives #sdto
#sdencourage #sdmanufacturers #sdto #sddevelop #sdorphan #sddrugs, #sdand #sdif #sdapproved, #sdthe
#sdmanufacturer #sdhas #sd7 #sdyears #sdof #sdexclusive #sdmarketing #sdrights. #sdAccelerated
#sdprograms #sdinvolve #sdprovisional #sdapproval #sdand #sdapproval #sdbased #sdon #sdpreliminary
#sdevidence.
Page # s d 4
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