LHRD MIDTERM QUESTINS & ANSWERS
complex phenomenon involving the leader, the followers, and the situation. - Answer -
Define leadership and leadership development
Rational- Leadership includes actions and influences based on reason and logic as well
as those based on inspiration and passion.
Emotional- Since people are both rational and emotional, leaders can use rational
techniques and/or emotional appeals. - Answer -• Explain how leadership is both
rational and emotional
70 percent of a leader's development comes from challenging on-the-job experiences
(e.g., managing diversity)
20 percent of a leader's development comes from personal relationships with others
(e.g., coaching, mentoring)
10 percent of a leader's development comes from formal learning experiences (e.g.,
leader development workshop) - Answer -Describe the 70/20/10 Model for leader
development
Knowledge structures grow and develop when they are challenged by novel information
obtained via experience.
Challenging experiences facilitate skill development by motivating individuals to exert
additional effort to acquire the skills demanded of them.
Challenging experiences involving novel responsibilities and "stretch" assignments are
perceived to be more developmental than experiences that are more routine and less
challenging.
• Describe characteristics of challenging work experiences - Answer -Explain how
individuals develop through challenging experiences
Coaching is the "process of equipping people with the tools, knowledge, and
opportunities they need to develop and become more successful."
Mentoring is a personal relationship in which a more experienced mentor acts as a
guide, role model, and sponsor of a less
• Understand the importance of multisource feedback
Receiving feedback from multiple sources (e.g., supervisor, peers) about our
performance is important for our development. Awareness of discrepancies between
how we see ourselves and how others see us enhances self-awareness. This enhanced
self-awareness is a key to leadership development. - Answer -Explain the difference
between coaching and mentoring
If a person acts but does not observe the consequences of his or her actions or reflect
on their meaning, then it makes little sense to say that he or she learned from
experience.
, Because some people neither observe the consequences of their actions nor reflect on
how they could become better leaders, leader development through experience may be
better understood from repeated movement through all three phases: action,
observation, and reflection. - Answer -Describe the Action-Observation-Reflection
Model
Reflection offers leaders insights about framing problems differently, viewing situations
from multiple perspectives, and understanding followers better.
Leaders tend to ignore reflection due to a lack of time or a lack of awareness of its
value.
Intentional reflection may prompt leaders to see potential benefits in experience not
initially considered relevant. - Answer -Understand the role of reflection in leader
development
Single-loop learners seek relatively little feedback that may significantly confront their
fundamental ideas or actions.
Individuals learn only about subjects within the "comfort zone" of their belief systems.
Double-loop learning involves being willing to confront one's own views and inviting
others to do the same.
Mastering double-loop learning can be thought of as learning how to learn. - Answer -
Explain the difference between single- and double-loop learning
¥ An AER is a learning procedure that gives learners an opportunity to systematically
analyze their behavior.
AERs involve reflection and facilitated discussion on personal leadership experiences,
such as what the potential impact of alternative leadership behaviors might have been
and how individuals believe they might behave differently in the future.
¥ AERs: A four-step process of structured reflection
¥ Step 1: Conduct the AER as soon after the experience as possible. Do not wait until
the end of the project.
¥ Step 2: Describe the experience. Individuals are encouraged to create an accurate
picture of the experience they just completed. Capturing what really occurred, as a
video camera would record, helps people identify and separate out the biases that
preclude an accurate reconstruction of experience.
¥ Step 3: Develop counterfactuals. Individuals are encouraged to engage in
counterfactual thinking, which invo - Answer -Define after event reviews (AERs)
Ethics = the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing an individual or
group.
One of the biggest challenges in making ethical decisions is recognizing that one is
facing an ethical dilemma in the first place.
Most decisions have ethical implications even if you do not recognize them. - Answer -
Define ethics
- Answer -• Understand the various "right versus right" scenarios
truth versus loyalty
complex phenomenon involving the leader, the followers, and the situation. - Answer -
Define leadership and leadership development
Rational- Leadership includes actions and influences based on reason and logic as well
as those based on inspiration and passion.
Emotional- Since people are both rational and emotional, leaders can use rational
techniques and/or emotional appeals. - Answer -• Explain how leadership is both
rational and emotional
70 percent of a leader's development comes from challenging on-the-job experiences
(e.g., managing diversity)
20 percent of a leader's development comes from personal relationships with others
(e.g., coaching, mentoring)
10 percent of a leader's development comes from formal learning experiences (e.g.,
leader development workshop) - Answer -Describe the 70/20/10 Model for leader
development
Knowledge structures grow and develop when they are challenged by novel information
obtained via experience.
Challenging experiences facilitate skill development by motivating individuals to exert
additional effort to acquire the skills demanded of them.
Challenging experiences involving novel responsibilities and "stretch" assignments are
perceived to be more developmental than experiences that are more routine and less
challenging.
• Describe characteristics of challenging work experiences - Answer -Explain how
individuals develop through challenging experiences
Coaching is the "process of equipping people with the tools, knowledge, and
opportunities they need to develop and become more successful."
Mentoring is a personal relationship in which a more experienced mentor acts as a
guide, role model, and sponsor of a less
• Understand the importance of multisource feedback
Receiving feedback from multiple sources (e.g., supervisor, peers) about our
performance is important for our development. Awareness of discrepancies between
how we see ourselves and how others see us enhances self-awareness. This enhanced
self-awareness is a key to leadership development. - Answer -Explain the difference
between coaching and mentoring
If a person acts but does not observe the consequences of his or her actions or reflect
on their meaning, then it makes little sense to say that he or she learned from
experience.
, Because some people neither observe the consequences of their actions nor reflect on
how they could become better leaders, leader development through experience may be
better understood from repeated movement through all three phases: action,
observation, and reflection. - Answer -Describe the Action-Observation-Reflection
Model
Reflection offers leaders insights about framing problems differently, viewing situations
from multiple perspectives, and understanding followers better.
Leaders tend to ignore reflection due to a lack of time or a lack of awareness of its
value.
Intentional reflection may prompt leaders to see potential benefits in experience not
initially considered relevant. - Answer -Understand the role of reflection in leader
development
Single-loop learners seek relatively little feedback that may significantly confront their
fundamental ideas or actions.
Individuals learn only about subjects within the "comfort zone" of their belief systems.
Double-loop learning involves being willing to confront one's own views and inviting
others to do the same.
Mastering double-loop learning can be thought of as learning how to learn. - Answer -
Explain the difference between single- and double-loop learning
¥ An AER is a learning procedure that gives learners an opportunity to systematically
analyze their behavior.
AERs involve reflection and facilitated discussion on personal leadership experiences,
such as what the potential impact of alternative leadership behaviors might have been
and how individuals believe they might behave differently in the future.
¥ AERs: A four-step process of structured reflection
¥ Step 1: Conduct the AER as soon after the experience as possible. Do not wait until
the end of the project.
¥ Step 2: Describe the experience. Individuals are encouraged to create an accurate
picture of the experience they just completed. Capturing what really occurred, as a
video camera would record, helps people identify and separate out the biases that
preclude an accurate reconstruction of experience.
¥ Step 3: Develop counterfactuals. Individuals are encouraged to engage in
counterfactual thinking, which invo - Answer -Define after event reviews (AERs)
Ethics = the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing an individual or
group.
One of the biggest challenges in making ethical decisions is recognizing that one is
facing an ethical dilemma in the first place.
Most decisions have ethical implications even if you do not recognize them. - Answer -
Define ethics
- Answer -• Understand the various "right versus right" scenarios
truth versus loyalty
