NURS 335 Final Exam 2 Questions
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2025-
2026 Updated.
What are preliminary signs of labor? - Answer Lightening, increase in level of activity, Braxton
Hicks contractions, ripening of cervix
What factors dictate the onset of labor? - Answer Bloody show (pink), ROM [may have weight
loss, increased back ache, more sacral pressure, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea]
What is the difference between cervical effacement and dilation? - Answer Effacement-
thinning/taking up of the cervix, dilation- widening of cervix
What are signs of true labor? - Answer True contractions and dilation
What is considered arrest of labor? - Answer Adequate contraction pattern (No cervical
change in 4 hours), Inadequate contraction pattern (No cervical change in 6 hours);
Interventions dependent on situation and what has been done already-- make decisions, C-
section?
What are the cardinal movements and how does that affect the labor process? - Answer Stage
2 of labor- allow passage of infant through the pelvis, Engagement & descent, flexion, Internal
rotation to OA position, Extension (for expulsion), External rotation - restitution, External
rotation, Expulsion
Identify the 4 degrees of vaginal lacerations. What degree is an episiotomy considered? -
Answer 1st degree: superficially disrupts mucosa, 2nd degree: divides the perineal body
(episiotomies), 3rd degree: tear involves anal sphincter, 4th degree: tear involves rectal mucosa,
3rd and 4th degrees are very painful, often have an elective C-section the next time b/c of pain
What are some methods of measuring FHR? - Answer Internal or external monitor
What are some methods of measuring contractions? - Answer External - tocotransducer,
intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC), palpation
, How do you measure the frequency and duration of contractions? - Answer Fetal monitor-
internal (IUPC) or external (tocometer)
What is tachysystole? - Answer 6 contractions or more in a 10 minute period—correlate FHR
with contraction to evaluate response to labor
What is the normal range for fetal heart rate? - Answer 110-160 beats per minute
What is baseline variability? - Answer irregular fluctuations in the baseline FHR measured as
the amplitude fo the peak to trough in bpm-- absent, minimal- less than 5bpm, moderate- 6-25
bpm, marked- greater than 25 bpm
What does a sinusoidal pattern indicate in FHR tracing? - Answer HYPOXIA
What issues can fetal tachycardia indicate? - Answer Early signs of fetal hypoxemia, Maternal
or fetal infection, Fetal anemia, Maternal hyperthyroidism, Response to drugs
What issues can fetal bradycardia indicate? - Answer Late sign of fetal hypoxia, drugs, cord
compression, maternal hypothermia, maternal hypotension, tachysystole
What are characteristics and significance of variable decelerations? - Answer Abrupt, random
What are characteristics and significance of early decelerations? - Answer Symmetrical and
associated with contraction, return by end of contraction
What are characteristics and significance of late decelerations? - Answer Uteroplacental
insufficiency- variety of reasons, begins after peak of contraction
What are characteristics and significance of accelerations? - Answer 32 weeks or older- 15bpm
above baseline lasting 15 seconds or more, Younger than 32 weeks- 10 bpm above baseline
lasting 10 seconds or more
What are causes of visceral pain during labor? - Answer Uterine ischemia, cervical changes,
uterine distention, referred (back)pain
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2025-
2026 Updated.
What are preliminary signs of labor? - Answer Lightening, increase in level of activity, Braxton
Hicks contractions, ripening of cervix
What factors dictate the onset of labor? - Answer Bloody show (pink), ROM [may have weight
loss, increased back ache, more sacral pressure, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea]
What is the difference between cervical effacement and dilation? - Answer Effacement-
thinning/taking up of the cervix, dilation- widening of cervix
What are signs of true labor? - Answer True contractions and dilation
What is considered arrest of labor? - Answer Adequate contraction pattern (No cervical
change in 4 hours), Inadequate contraction pattern (No cervical change in 6 hours);
Interventions dependent on situation and what has been done already-- make decisions, C-
section?
What are the cardinal movements and how does that affect the labor process? - Answer Stage
2 of labor- allow passage of infant through the pelvis, Engagement & descent, flexion, Internal
rotation to OA position, Extension (for expulsion), External rotation - restitution, External
rotation, Expulsion
Identify the 4 degrees of vaginal lacerations. What degree is an episiotomy considered? -
Answer 1st degree: superficially disrupts mucosa, 2nd degree: divides the perineal body
(episiotomies), 3rd degree: tear involves anal sphincter, 4th degree: tear involves rectal mucosa,
3rd and 4th degrees are very painful, often have an elective C-section the next time b/c of pain
What are some methods of measuring FHR? - Answer Internal or external monitor
What are some methods of measuring contractions? - Answer External - tocotransducer,
intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC), palpation
, How do you measure the frequency and duration of contractions? - Answer Fetal monitor-
internal (IUPC) or external (tocometer)
What is tachysystole? - Answer 6 contractions or more in a 10 minute period—correlate FHR
with contraction to evaluate response to labor
What is the normal range for fetal heart rate? - Answer 110-160 beats per minute
What is baseline variability? - Answer irregular fluctuations in the baseline FHR measured as
the amplitude fo the peak to trough in bpm-- absent, minimal- less than 5bpm, moderate- 6-25
bpm, marked- greater than 25 bpm
What does a sinusoidal pattern indicate in FHR tracing? - Answer HYPOXIA
What issues can fetal tachycardia indicate? - Answer Early signs of fetal hypoxemia, Maternal
or fetal infection, Fetal anemia, Maternal hyperthyroidism, Response to drugs
What issues can fetal bradycardia indicate? - Answer Late sign of fetal hypoxia, drugs, cord
compression, maternal hypothermia, maternal hypotension, tachysystole
What are characteristics and significance of variable decelerations? - Answer Abrupt, random
What are characteristics and significance of early decelerations? - Answer Symmetrical and
associated with contraction, return by end of contraction
What are characteristics and significance of late decelerations? - Answer Uteroplacental
insufficiency- variety of reasons, begins after peak of contraction
What are characteristics and significance of accelerations? - Answer 32 weeks or older- 15bpm
above baseline lasting 15 seconds or more, Younger than 32 weeks- 10 bpm above baseline
lasting 10 seconds or more
What are causes of visceral pain during labor? - Answer Uterine ischemia, cervical changes,
uterine distention, referred (back)pain
