Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (Ch. 10) Questions with Verified Answers

Muscular System - ANSWERSThe bodily system that is composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue and functions in movement of the body or of materials through the body, maintenance of posture, and heat production Myology - ANSWERSThe study of the muscular system Skeletal Muscle - ANSWERSStriated and voluntary muscle Cardiac Muscle - ANSWERSStriated and involuntary muscle Smooth Muscle - ANSWERSNon-striated and involuntary muscle Muscle Fiber - ANSWERSElongated contractile cell with many nuclei that forms the muscles of the body Endomysium - ANSWERSThin sleeve of loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber Perimysium - ANSWERSThicker connective tissue sheath that wraps muscle fibers together in bundles called fascicles Fascicle - ANSWERSA bundle of muscle fibers Epimysium - ANSWERSFibrous sheath that surrounds the entire muscle Fascia - ANSWERSSheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or muscle groups from each other and form subcutaneous tissue Fusiform Muscle - ANSWERSMuscle that is thick in the middle and tapered at each end Parallel Muscle - ANSWERSMuscle that has a fairly uniform width and parallel fascicles Triangular Muscle - ANSWERSMuscle that are fan-shaped, broad at the origin and converging toward a narrow insertion Pennate Muscle - ANSWERSMuscle that is feather shaped; 3 types: Unipennate, bipennate and multipennate Circular Muscle - ANSWERSMuscle that forms a ring around certain body openings Direct (Fleshy) Attachment - ANSWERSLittle separation between muscles and bone that to the naked eye, the red muscular tissue seems to emerge directly from the bone Indirect Attachment - ANSWERSMuscle ends conspicuously short of its bony destination and the gap is bridged by a fibrous band or sheet called a tendon Tendon - ANSWERSFibrous band or sheet that connects muscle to bone Aponeurosis - ANSWERSBroad, flat, sheet like connective tissue that connects muscles to a bone or another muscle Retinaculum - ANSWERSFibrous band forming the carpal canal through which pass the tendons of the flexor muscles of the hand and fingers Origin - ANSWERSBony site of attachment at the relatively stationary end Insertion - ANSWERSAttachment site at its more mobile end Belly - ANSWERSThe thicker middle region between a muscles origin and insertion site Action - ANSWERSThe effect produced by a muscle, whether it is to produce or prevent a movement Prime Mover (Agonist) - ANSWERSMuscle that produces most of the force during a particular joint action. Ex) Brachialis Synergist - ANSWERSMuscle that aids the prime mover. Ex) Biceps Brachii Antagonist - ANSWERSMuscle that opposes the prime mover. Ex) Triceps Brachii Antagonist Pair - ANSWERSMuscles that act of opposite sides of the joint. Ex) Brachialis and Triceps Fixator - ANSWERSMuscle that prevents a bone from moving. Ex) Rhomboids Contractility - ANSWERSAbility to shorten muscle Extensibility - ANSWERSAbility to extend or lengthen muscle Elasticity - ANSWERSAbility of a muscle to be flexible and recoil Cartilage - ANSWERSShock absorber for muscle; 80% water; and is located in the joint capsule and bursae