Bio 250 Exam 1 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Fred Griffith in the 1920s
- found S strain resulted in death
- found R strain was safe
- found heat killed S strain is safe
- found heat killed S strain and living R strain resulted in death
Avery, Macleod, and McCarty in the 1930s
- had the technology to separate cell into five parts (RNA, protein, DNA, lipid, carbs.)
- found that gene in bacteria coats S strain cell and prevent immune system from attacking it -
CORRECT ANSWER - Explain the experiment that led to finding DNA has heritable
material
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine; central five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogen-containing base - CORRECT ANSWER - What are the four nucleotide subunits
that make up DNA? What are the three elements they are composed of?
pyrimidine - single ring (T+C)
purine - double ring (A+G) - CORRECT ANSWER - What are the two types of structures
of nucleotide base; what bonds form at the 5' and 3' ends
genes - sequence of DNA that encodes for the instructions to make something else
genome - fancy way of describing all coding potential in your cells - CORRECT
ANSWER - Genes vs Genomes
Chromosomes is made up of chromatin which is made up of DNA and protein - CORRECT
ANSWER - brief explanation of DNA packaging
, telomeres: at the end of DNA strand; proteins coat the telomere to prevent 3' hydroxyl from
attaching; prevents DNA from breaking down through cell division
centromeres: where the microtubuals attach to sister chromatin to be pulled apart during mitosis
replication origin: where replication starts - CORRECT ANSWER - Explain the three
main DNA sequences that allow for efficient cell replication and segregation
DNA and proteins are wrapped around histone proteins; DNA wrapped histones are packaged
into nucleosomes; nucleosomes make up chromatin; chromatin make up chromosomes -
CORRECT ANSWER - Where are DNA held?
composed of eight histone protein subunits that form disc-shaped octamer with the DNA strands
wrapped around them - CORRECT ANSWER - What are nucleosomes make of?
heterochromain: compacted, less gene expression
euchromatin: not compacted, more gene expression - CORRECT ANSWER - What are the
two types of interphase chromatin?
1. it ensures that future generations of cells inherit a complete copy of instructions
2. it ensures future generations get accurate set of instructions - CORRECT ANSWER -
Why is DNA replication important?
DNA polymerase cannot take nucleotides and drop them onto a single stranded template, instead
a primer is bounded to the single stranded template sequence, primer has 3' hydroxyl at the end,
primer allows DNA polymerase to attach to new strand - CORRECT ANSWER - What
does DNA polymerase require to synthesize a new strand of DNA?
DNA primase enzyme uses RNA nucleotides to make the primer - CORRECT ANSWER -
What makes RNA primers?
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Fred Griffith in the 1920s
- found S strain resulted in death
- found R strain was safe
- found heat killed S strain is safe
- found heat killed S strain and living R strain resulted in death
Avery, Macleod, and McCarty in the 1930s
- had the technology to separate cell into five parts (RNA, protein, DNA, lipid, carbs.)
- found that gene in bacteria coats S strain cell and prevent immune system from attacking it -
CORRECT ANSWER - Explain the experiment that led to finding DNA has heritable
material
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine; central five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogen-containing base - CORRECT ANSWER - What are the four nucleotide subunits
that make up DNA? What are the three elements they are composed of?
pyrimidine - single ring (T+C)
purine - double ring (A+G) - CORRECT ANSWER - What are the two types of structures
of nucleotide base; what bonds form at the 5' and 3' ends
genes - sequence of DNA that encodes for the instructions to make something else
genome - fancy way of describing all coding potential in your cells - CORRECT
ANSWER - Genes vs Genomes
Chromosomes is made up of chromatin which is made up of DNA and protein - CORRECT
ANSWER - brief explanation of DNA packaging
, telomeres: at the end of DNA strand; proteins coat the telomere to prevent 3' hydroxyl from
attaching; prevents DNA from breaking down through cell division
centromeres: where the microtubuals attach to sister chromatin to be pulled apart during mitosis
replication origin: where replication starts - CORRECT ANSWER - Explain the three
main DNA sequences that allow for efficient cell replication and segregation
DNA and proteins are wrapped around histone proteins; DNA wrapped histones are packaged
into nucleosomes; nucleosomes make up chromatin; chromatin make up chromosomes -
CORRECT ANSWER - Where are DNA held?
composed of eight histone protein subunits that form disc-shaped octamer with the DNA strands
wrapped around them - CORRECT ANSWER - What are nucleosomes make of?
heterochromain: compacted, less gene expression
euchromatin: not compacted, more gene expression - CORRECT ANSWER - What are the
two types of interphase chromatin?
1. it ensures that future generations of cells inherit a complete copy of instructions
2. it ensures future generations get accurate set of instructions - CORRECT ANSWER -
Why is DNA replication important?
DNA polymerase cannot take nucleotides and drop them onto a single stranded template, instead
a primer is bounded to the single stranded template sequence, primer has 3' hydroxyl at the end,
primer allows DNA polymerase to attach to new strand - CORRECT ANSWER - What
does DNA polymerase require to synthesize a new strand of DNA?
DNA primase enzyme uses RNA nucleotides to make the primer - CORRECT ANSWER -
What makes RNA primers?
