MCMASTER BIO 1M03 EXAM |2025-2026 LATEST UPDATED|455 REAL EXAM AND
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED |
ALREADY GRADED A+
1. What type of thinking did Plato have and what does that mean?:
Typological thinking which means he believed species were unchanging and fixed
over time.
2. What did Aristotle propose about species?: The Chain of Being- hierarchy
of complexity
3. What did Jean Baptiste Lamarck believe about species?: that they could
change through inheritance of changes, that the use or disuse of body parts
caused them to change
4. What ideas influenced Darwin's Natural Selection?: the earth is old,
species have come and gone, species may change, earth changes
5. Darwin and Wallace: both individually came up with idea of natural selection
6. What are the conditions of Natural Selection?: must increase survive, must
increase reproduction, must be heritable
7. What does Natural Selection act on?: individuals
8. What does evolution act on?: population
,9. Fitness: Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
10. Adaptation: a heritable trait that increases an individual's fitness in the
specific environment
11. Vestigial Traits and 2 examples: traits maintained in a species that have no
use. Ex: wisdom teeth, remnants of hind legs (whales, snakes)
12. Biogeography: the study of how species are distributed across different
areas. Closely related species are often found in same area.
13. Homologous Structures: physical features shared due to evolutionary history
14. What are the types of Homologous Structures?: Structural
Developmental
Genetic
15. Structural Homologies: different species may have similar skeletal elements
but use the differently
16. Developmental Homologies: different species may have similarity in
embryonic form/development from common ancestor
17. Genetic Homologies: Similarity in DNA nucleotide sequences, RNA
nucleotide sequences, or amino acid sequences due to inheritance from a
common ancestor.
,18. What can the Fossil record do for us?: show gradual changes in species.
age of species (from rock), complexity of species
19. Analogous Structures and an example: different species have similar
structures with same purpose but do no share common ancestor. Ex: birds,
bats, moths
20. How did analogous structures evolve?: similar environments
21. Differential Reproductive Success: process of favouring survival and
reproduction of fittest indivs in a population
22 Examples of Trade-offs: -peacocks tail makes it a target for predators but
increases its reproductive success with peahens
-loud vocalizations of frog makes it a target for predators but attracts a mate
23. Anthropogenic Impact: Disturbance to the natural environment caused
by humans.
24. Examples of Anthropogenic impact on natural selection: -elephants grow
smaller or no tusks because they are less poached by humans. those with larger
tusks have been killed so the ones with naturally smaller tusks survived to pass on
genes
, -Pizzly bears, because of global warming grizzly bears are able to travel closer
to polar bears and they have successfully mated creating a hybrid 25.
Evolution: is a change in allele/genotype frequency over time
26. Genes: segments of DNA that determine traits
27. Allele: specific form of a gene
28. Species: group of indivs that can exchange genetic material
29. Gene Pool: all the alleles that are present in a population
30. Population: an interbreeding group of organisms in same geographic area 31.
What does the Modern Synthesis refer to?: era in 1900s where scientists
collaborated to quantify evolution
32. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: way to predict how genes behave in a
population over time if nothing is changing
33. What is the equation of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: p2 + 2pq + q2 =
1
34. What does the p is the hardy weinberg represent?: the dominant allele A
35. what does the q refer to in the hardy weinberg represent?: recessive
allele a
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED |
ALREADY GRADED A+
1. What type of thinking did Plato have and what does that mean?:
Typological thinking which means he believed species were unchanging and fixed
over time.
2. What did Aristotle propose about species?: The Chain of Being- hierarchy
of complexity
3. What did Jean Baptiste Lamarck believe about species?: that they could
change through inheritance of changes, that the use or disuse of body parts
caused them to change
4. What ideas influenced Darwin's Natural Selection?: the earth is old,
species have come and gone, species may change, earth changes
5. Darwin and Wallace: both individually came up with idea of natural selection
6. What are the conditions of Natural Selection?: must increase survive, must
increase reproduction, must be heritable
7. What does Natural Selection act on?: individuals
8. What does evolution act on?: population
,9. Fitness: Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
10. Adaptation: a heritable trait that increases an individual's fitness in the
specific environment
11. Vestigial Traits and 2 examples: traits maintained in a species that have no
use. Ex: wisdom teeth, remnants of hind legs (whales, snakes)
12. Biogeography: the study of how species are distributed across different
areas. Closely related species are often found in same area.
13. Homologous Structures: physical features shared due to evolutionary history
14. What are the types of Homologous Structures?: Structural
Developmental
Genetic
15. Structural Homologies: different species may have similar skeletal elements
but use the differently
16. Developmental Homologies: different species may have similarity in
embryonic form/development from common ancestor
17. Genetic Homologies: Similarity in DNA nucleotide sequences, RNA
nucleotide sequences, or amino acid sequences due to inheritance from a
common ancestor.
,18. What can the Fossil record do for us?: show gradual changes in species.
age of species (from rock), complexity of species
19. Analogous Structures and an example: different species have similar
structures with same purpose but do no share common ancestor. Ex: birds,
bats, moths
20. How did analogous structures evolve?: similar environments
21. Differential Reproductive Success: process of favouring survival and
reproduction of fittest indivs in a population
22 Examples of Trade-offs: -peacocks tail makes it a target for predators but
increases its reproductive success with peahens
-loud vocalizations of frog makes it a target for predators but attracts a mate
23. Anthropogenic Impact: Disturbance to the natural environment caused
by humans.
24. Examples of Anthropogenic impact on natural selection: -elephants grow
smaller or no tusks because they are less poached by humans. those with larger
tusks have been killed so the ones with naturally smaller tusks survived to pass on
genes
, -Pizzly bears, because of global warming grizzly bears are able to travel closer
to polar bears and they have successfully mated creating a hybrid 25.
Evolution: is a change in allele/genotype frequency over time
26. Genes: segments of DNA that determine traits
27. Allele: specific form of a gene
28. Species: group of indivs that can exchange genetic material
29. Gene Pool: all the alleles that are present in a population
30. Population: an interbreeding group of organisms in same geographic area 31.
What does the Modern Synthesis refer to?: era in 1900s where scientists
collaborated to quantify evolution
32. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: way to predict how genes behave in a
population over time if nothing is changing
33. What is the equation of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: p2 + 2pq + q2 =
1
34. What does the p is the hardy weinberg represent?: the dominant allele A
35. what does the q refer to in the hardy weinberg represent?: recessive
allele a
