Certified Lactation
Course Exam Questions
and Answers
weaning - Answer:the addition of adding other foods to a diet, but not completely stopping or ceasing
breastfeeding
when did breastfeeding rates start to initially decline (i.e. in Britain), particularly among the wealthy
population? - Answer:16th-17th century and through the 18th century
which month did women historically think was the most important to breastfeed during? - Answer:the
summer (due to food spoilage)
what three ingredients made up the first commercial formula? (early 1800's/19th century) - Answer:-
wheat flour
-cows milk
-sugar
what was, and still is today, one of the biggest reasons why mothers quit breastfeeding? -
Answer:mothers report not producing enough milk
when did bottle feeding become the "new norm", thus, causing breastfeeding rates to continue to
decline? - Answer:20th century (particularly, mid 1900's) (1950's-1970's)
what is the WHO code? - Answer:an attempt to prevent excessive marketing of ABM (artificial baby milk)
and to bring awareness of benefits of breastfeeding (although this code is not law in many countries as it
interferes with marketing & freedom)
*breastfeeding education to pubic is critical!*
,what are some other breastfeeding barriers mothers have? - Answer:-sexual vs functional aspects of
breasts
-women in the workplace
-"im not producing enough milk"
-lack of support from medical profession
where are the breasts specifically located on the body? - Answer:-between 2nd & 6th rib
-from sternum to mid axillary line
-only gland in not fully functioning at birth
*may contain hair, sweat, and oil glands
hypoplastic breasts - Answer:-insufficient glandular tissues
-usually only extend from 3rd to 5th rib
-typically have more spacing between breasts (1.5 inches or more)
montgomery glands/tubercles - Answer:"small bumps" located around areola that become more
prominent (hypertrophy) during pregnancy & are thought to secrete substance during
pregnancy/lactation & contain scent glands to help guide infant to nipple, while also helping kill
pathogens that try to enter the body
areola - Answer:vary in shape & color; usually circular; become darker during pregnancy and do not
return to pre-pregnancy color
nipple - Answer:contain smooth muscle fibers for erectness and graspability; normally found at 4th
intercostal space that typically contain between 4-18 openings (9 on average) for milk to be expressed
through during lactation
nipple/areola complex - Answer:thought of as one entity; both elongate up to 2-3 times resting length
during breastfeeding;
, areola = most sensitive part of breast
nipples = least sensitive
everted nipples - Answer:most common type of nipples; protrudes slightly at rest & everts well with
stimulation
flat nipples - Answer:soft, but pliable & graspable
pseudo-inverted nipples - Answer:appear to be inverted but will evert with stimulation or compression
retracted nipples - Answer:type of inverted nipples that appear to be graspable but retracts, rather than
everts, with compression
inverted nipples/nipple inversion - Answer:retracted nipples that occur with retracted both with rest
and stimualtion
what are some techniques for flat/inverted nipples that may help to evert nipples? - Answer:-inverted
syringe
-supple cups
-breast shells
-avent nipplette
-"pinch test" in last trimester of pregnancy
supernumerary nipples - Answer:"3rd nipple" or "accessory nipple" found along line of glandular tissue
what is breast tissue composed of? - Answer:2/3 glandular tissue
1/3 adipose tissue
suspensory ligaments - Answer:aka cooper's ligaments;
heavy fibrous bands that divide adipose and glandular tissue of breasts into segments
Course Exam Questions
and Answers
weaning - Answer:the addition of adding other foods to a diet, but not completely stopping or ceasing
breastfeeding
when did breastfeeding rates start to initially decline (i.e. in Britain), particularly among the wealthy
population? - Answer:16th-17th century and through the 18th century
which month did women historically think was the most important to breastfeed during? - Answer:the
summer (due to food spoilage)
what three ingredients made up the first commercial formula? (early 1800's/19th century) - Answer:-
wheat flour
-cows milk
-sugar
what was, and still is today, one of the biggest reasons why mothers quit breastfeeding? -
Answer:mothers report not producing enough milk
when did bottle feeding become the "new norm", thus, causing breastfeeding rates to continue to
decline? - Answer:20th century (particularly, mid 1900's) (1950's-1970's)
what is the WHO code? - Answer:an attempt to prevent excessive marketing of ABM (artificial baby milk)
and to bring awareness of benefits of breastfeeding (although this code is not law in many countries as it
interferes with marketing & freedom)
*breastfeeding education to pubic is critical!*
,what are some other breastfeeding barriers mothers have? - Answer:-sexual vs functional aspects of
breasts
-women in the workplace
-"im not producing enough milk"
-lack of support from medical profession
where are the breasts specifically located on the body? - Answer:-between 2nd & 6th rib
-from sternum to mid axillary line
-only gland in not fully functioning at birth
*may contain hair, sweat, and oil glands
hypoplastic breasts - Answer:-insufficient glandular tissues
-usually only extend from 3rd to 5th rib
-typically have more spacing between breasts (1.5 inches or more)
montgomery glands/tubercles - Answer:"small bumps" located around areola that become more
prominent (hypertrophy) during pregnancy & are thought to secrete substance during
pregnancy/lactation & contain scent glands to help guide infant to nipple, while also helping kill
pathogens that try to enter the body
areola - Answer:vary in shape & color; usually circular; become darker during pregnancy and do not
return to pre-pregnancy color
nipple - Answer:contain smooth muscle fibers for erectness and graspability; normally found at 4th
intercostal space that typically contain between 4-18 openings (9 on average) for milk to be expressed
through during lactation
nipple/areola complex - Answer:thought of as one entity; both elongate up to 2-3 times resting length
during breastfeeding;
, areola = most sensitive part of breast
nipples = least sensitive
everted nipples - Answer:most common type of nipples; protrudes slightly at rest & everts well with
stimulation
flat nipples - Answer:soft, but pliable & graspable
pseudo-inverted nipples - Answer:appear to be inverted but will evert with stimulation or compression
retracted nipples - Answer:type of inverted nipples that appear to be graspable but retracts, rather than
everts, with compression
inverted nipples/nipple inversion - Answer:retracted nipples that occur with retracted both with rest
and stimualtion
what are some techniques for flat/inverted nipples that may help to evert nipples? - Answer:-inverted
syringe
-supple cups
-breast shells
-avent nipplette
-"pinch test" in last trimester of pregnancy
supernumerary nipples - Answer:"3rd nipple" or "accessory nipple" found along line of glandular tissue
what is breast tissue composed of? - Answer:2/3 glandular tissue
1/3 adipose tissue
suspensory ligaments - Answer:aka cooper's ligaments;
heavy fibrous bands that divide adipose and glandular tissue of breasts into segments
