NR 546 / NR546 Midterm / Final Exam 2024
Prediction 60+ Questions (All Correct
Answers, Already Graded A)
Neuroanatomy and Neurotransmitters
Question 1
How does the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) affect the amygdala?
A. Inhibits only
B. Activates only
C. Inhibits and activates
D. No effect
Answer: C. Inhibits and activates
Rationale: The OFC modulates amygdala activity, inhibiting or activating emotional responses
based on context.
Question 2
Wernicke’s area is associated with which function?
A. Motor coordination
B. Speech comprehension
C. Emotional regulation
D. Memory formation
Answer: B. Speech comprehension
Rationale: Wernicke’s area in the temporal lobe processes language comprehension, critical for
understanding spoken and written language.
Question 3
The limbic system is primarily associated with:
A. Motor skills
B. Emotion and learning
C. Sensory processing
D. Speech production
Answer: B. Emotion and learning
Rationale: The limbic system, including the amygdala and hippocampus, regulates emotions and
memory formation.
Question 4
,Which brain structure is most associated with long-term memory?
A. Cerebellum
B. Hippocampus
C. Thalamus
D. Prefrontal cortex
Answer: B. Hippocampus
Rationale: The hippocampus is critical for forming and retrieving long-term memories.
Question 5
White matter in the brain contains:
A. Nerve cell bodies
B. Nerve fibers connecting regions
C. Blood vessels
D. Cerebrospinal fluid
Answer: B. Nerve fibers connecting regions
Rationale: White matter consists of myelinated nerve fibers that connect neurons across brain
regions.
Question 6
Grey matter in the brain contains:
A. Nerve fibers
B. Nerve cells and dendrites
C. Glial cells only
D. Synaptic vesicles
Answer: B. Nerve cells and dendrites
Rationale: Grey matter includes neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses, responsible for
processing information.
Question 7
Which neurotransmitter is associated with excess resulting in schizophrenia, epilepsy, and
mania?
A. Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. GABA
D. Norepinephrine
Answer: B. Dopamine
Rationale: Excess dopamine is linked to schizophrenia (psychosis), epilepsy (seizures), and
mania (hyperactivity).
Question 8
Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the brain?
A. Glutamate
, B. GABA
C. Dopamine
D. Acetylcholine
Answer: B. GABA
Rationale: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter,
reducing neuronal excitability.
Question 9
What is the role of serotonin in mood disorders?
A. Increases anxiety
B. Regulates mood, sleep, and appetite
C. Enhances memory
D. Controls motor function
Answer: B. Regulates mood, sleep, and appetite
Rationale: Serotonin imbalances are linked to depression, anxiety, and disruptions in sleep and
appetite.
Question 10
Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Serotonin
D. Glutamate
Answer: B. Acetylcholine
Rationale: Acetylcholine deficiency in the cortex and hippocampus contributes to memory loss
in Alzheimer’s disease.
ADHD and Psychopharmacology
Question 11
Mary is reprimanded for not listening and making careless mistakes. This is an example of which
ADHD symptom?
A. Hyperactivity
B. Selective attention
C. Impulsivity
D. Sustained attention deficit
Answer: B. Selective attention
Rationale: Selective attention issues in ADHD cause difficulty focusing on relevant stimuli,
leading to errors.
Prediction 60+ Questions (All Correct
Answers, Already Graded A)
Neuroanatomy and Neurotransmitters
Question 1
How does the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) affect the amygdala?
A. Inhibits only
B. Activates only
C. Inhibits and activates
D. No effect
Answer: C. Inhibits and activates
Rationale: The OFC modulates amygdala activity, inhibiting or activating emotional responses
based on context.
Question 2
Wernicke’s area is associated with which function?
A. Motor coordination
B. Speech comprehension
C. Emotional regulation
D. Memory formation
Answer: B. Speech comprehension
Rationale: Wernicke’s area in the temporal lobe processes language comprehension, critical for
understanding spoken and written language.
Question 3
The limbic system is primarily associated with:
A. Motor skills
B. Emotion and learning
C. Sensory processing
D. Speech production
Answer: B. Emotion and learning
Rationale: The limbic system, including the amygdala and hippocampus, regulates emotions and
memory formation.
Question 4
,Which brain structure is most associated with long-term memory?
A. Cerebellum
B. Hippocampus
C. Thalamus
D. Prefrontal cortex
Answer: B. Hippocampus
Rationale: The hippocampus is critical for forming and retrieving long-term memories.
Question 5
White matter in the brain contains:
A. Nerve cell bodies
B. Nerve fibers connecting regions
C. Blood vessels
D. Cerebrospinal fluid
Answer: B. Nerve fibers connecting regions
Rationale: White matter consists of myelinated nerve fibers that connect neurons across brain
regions.
Question 6
Grey matter in the brain contains:
A. Nerve fibers
B. Nerve cells and dendrites
C. Glial cells only
D. Synaptic vesicles
Answer: B. Nerve cells and dendrites
Rationale: Grey matter includes neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses, responsible for
processing information.
Question 7
Which neurotransmitter is associated with excess resulting in schizophrenia, epilepsy, and
mania?
A. Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. GABA
D. Norepinephrine
Answer: B. Dopamine
Rationale: Excess dopamine is linked to schizophrenia (psychosis), epilepsy (seizures), and
mania (hyperactivity).
Question 8
Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the brain?
A. Glutamate
, B. GABA
C. Dopamine
D. Acetylcholine
Answer: B. GABA
Rationale: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter,
reducing neuronal excitability.
Question 9
What is the role of serotonin in mood disorders?
A. Increases anxiety
B. Regulates mood, sleep, and appetite
C. Enhances memory
D. Controls motor function
Answer: B. Regulates mood, sleep, and appetite
Rationale: Serotonin imbalances are linked to depression, anxiety, and disruptions in sleep and
appetite.
Question 10
Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Serotonin
D. Glutamate
Answer: B. Acetylcholine
Rationale: Acetylcholine deficiency in the cortex and hippocampus contributes to memory loss
in Alzheimer’s disease.
ADHD and Psychopharmacology
Question 11
Mary is reprimanded for not listening and making careless mistakes. This is an example of which
ADHD symptom?
A. Hyperactivity
B. Selective attention
C. Impulsivity
D. Sustained attention deficit
Answer: B. Selective attention
Rationale: Selective attention issues in ADHD cause difficulty focusing on relevant stimuli,
leading to errors.
