NLN EXAM REVIEW: HUMAN
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY (NLN BOOK)
,NLN Exam Review: Human Anatomy and
Physiology (NLN Book)
1. Define Mechanical digestion:: -Breaking food into smaller
pieces. Such as chewing.
2. Define Chemical digestion:: -Breaking nutrients into small
molecules. Such as salivation.
3. Define Hydrolysis:: -Splitting molecules by adding water.
4. Define Enzymes:: -A substance produced by a living organism
that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical
reaction.
5. Define Anus:: -The opening at the end of the alimentary canal
through which solid waste matter leaves the body.
6. Define Alimentary canal:: -The whole passage along which
food passes through the body from mouth to anus. It includes the
esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
,7. Define Accessory organs:: -The tongue, salivary glands,
pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
8. Food enters through the mouth, where it is chewed,
increasing the , which makes it easier to both swallow
and digest.: -Surface area.
9. The presence of food also simulates the to release
saliva, which con- tains the enzyme amylase.: -Salivary
glands.
10. Define Amylase:: -Breaks down starch into smaller
carbohydrate molecules
(monosaccharides and disaccharides).
11. As the food is swallowed, it is pushed by the tongue into
the (throat).-
: -Pharynx.
12. After the pharynx, it leads to both the windpipe and the
.: -Esophagus.
, 13. During swallowing, the top of the windpipe is covered by
the to prevent food from entering the respiratory system.:
-Epiglottis.
14. From the esophagus, the food is passed to the by
muscular contrac- tions.: -Stomach.
15. Define Peristalsis:: -The involuntary constriction and
relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal,
creating wavelike movements that push the con- tents of the canal
forward.
16. Describe Gastric juice:: -A thin, clear, virtually colorless
acidic fluid secreted by the stomach glands and active in
promoting digestion.
17. Define Proteases:: -An enzyme that breaks down proteins
and peptides.
18. The smooth muscles of the stomach mix the partially
digested food, and the result is a liquid called .: -Chyme.
19. Chyme is released to the , in a series of small
portions, through the pyloric sphincter.: -Small intestine.
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY (NLN BOOK)
,NLN Exam Review: Human Anatomy and
Physiology (NLN Book)
1. Define Mechanical digestion:: -Breaking food into smaller
pieces. Such as chewing.
2. Define Chemical digestion:: -Breaking nutrients into small
molecules. Such as salivation.
3. Define Hydrolysis:: -Splitting molecules by adding water.
4. Define Enzymes:: -A substance produced by a living organism
that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical
reaction.
5. Define Anus:: -The opening at the end of the alimentary canal
through which solid waste matter leaves the body.
6. Define Alimentary canal:: -The whole passage along which
food passes through the body from mouth to anus. It includes the
esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
,7. Define Accessory organs:: -The tongue, salivary glands,
pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
8. Food enters through the mouth, where it is chewed,
increasing the , which makes it easier to both swallow
and digest.: -Surface area.
9. The presence of food also simulates the to release
saliva, which con- tains the enzyme amylase.: -Salivary
glands.
10. Define Amylase:: -Breaks down starch into smaller
carbohydrate molecules
(monosaccharides and disaccharides).
11. As the food is swallowed, it is pushed by the tongue into
the (throat).-
: -Pharynx.
12. After the pharynx, it leads to both the windpipe and the
.: -Esophagus.
, 13. During swallowing, the top of the windpipe is covered by
the to prevent food from entering the respiratory system.:
-Epiglottis.
14. From the esophagus, the food is passed to the by
muscular contrac- tions.: -Stomach.
15. Define Peristalsis:: -The involuntary constriction and
relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal,
creating wavelike movements that push the con- tents of the canal
forward.
16. Describe Gastric juice:: -A thin, clear, virtually colorless
acidic fluid secreted by the stomach glands and active in
promoting digestion.
17. Define Proteases:: -An enzyme that breaks down proteins
and peptides.
18. The smooth muscles of the stomach mix the partially
digested food, and the result is a liquid called .: -Chyme.
19. Chyme is released to the , in a series of small
portions, through the pyloric sphincter.: -Small intestine.
