NLN PAX ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM
1. mechanical digestion: Part of digestion that uses movement
and muscles to break down food into smaller pieces
2. digestion: breaking down nutrients into small, soluble
molecules that can be absorbed into the blood
3. chemical digestion: the digestion process in which enzymes
are used to break foods into their smaller chemical buiding blocks
occurs via hydrolysis
4. hydrolysis: A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules
by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.
5. enzymes: molecules, usually proteins or nucleic acids, that act
as catalysts in biochemical reactions
used in chemical reactions
6. humans digestion tube extends from: mouth to anus called
alimentary canal
7. anus: A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through
which waste material is eliminated from the body
8. alimentary canal: Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
of the digestive tract, the alimentary canal is the long muscular
,"tube" that includes the mouth esophagus, somatch, small
intesitne, and large intestine.
carries out stages of digestive process (mechanical and chemical
digestion and absorb ion)
9. accessory organs: In the GI tract, organs that play a role in
digestion but not directly part of the alimentary canal.
These include the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas
10. what takes place in the mouth?: mechanical digestion saliva
is released from salivary glands to breakdown carbs
11. salivary glands: three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth
that secrete saliva
12. saliva: contain amylase
13. amylase: enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in
starches
14. pharynx: muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular
cavity, or throat, that connects the mouth with the rest of the
digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food
15. esophagus: muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx
to the stomach
16. epiglottis: The flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and
prevents food from entering.
, 17. what takes place in the stomach?: peristalsis gastric juices
help breakdown proteins
chyme is created
18. peristalsis: involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep
food moving along in one direction through the digestive system
19. gastric juice: chemically breaksdown proteins acidic (pH of 2)
20. mucus: protects stomach wall from acidity of gastric juices
21. protease: Enzyme that breaks down proteins
22. chyme: a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that
passes from the stom- ach into the small intestine
23. small intestine: digestive organ in which most chemical
digestion takes place majority of digestion and absorption occur
here!!
24. how long is the SI?: 6 meters
25. pyloric sphincter: circular muscle that controls the movement
of chyme from the stomach to the small intestines
26. liver: large organ just above the stomach that produces bile
27. gallbladder: stores bile
28. bile: a mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the
breakdown of fat
29. pancreas: located partially behind the stomach in the
abdomen, and it functions as both an endocrine and exocrine
gland.
1. mechanical digestion: Part of digestion that uses movement
and muscles to break down food into smaller pieces
2. digestion: breaking down nutrients into small, soluble
molecules that can be absorbed into the blood
3. chemical digestion: the digestion process in which enzymes
are used to break foods into their smaller chemical buiding blocks
occurs via hydrolysis
4. hydrolysis: A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules
by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion.
5. enzymes: molecules, usually proteins or nucleic acids, that act
as catalysts in biochemical reactions
used in chemical reactions
6. humans digestion tube extends from: mouth to anus called
alimentary canal
7. anus: A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through
which waste material is eliminated from the body
8. alimentary canal: Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
of the digestive tract, the alimentary canal is the long muscular
,"tube" that includes the mouth esophagus, somatch, small
intesitne, and large intestine.
carries out stages of digestive process (mechanical and chemical
digestion and absorb ion)
9. accessory organs: In the GI tract, organs that play a role in
digestion but not directly part of the alimentary canal.
These include the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas
10. what takes place in the mouth?: mechanical digestion saliva
is released from salivary glands to breakdown carbs
11. salivary glands: three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth
that secrete saliva
12. saliva: contain amylase
13. amylase: enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in
starches
14. pharynx: muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular
cavity, or throat, that connects the mouth with the rest of the
digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food
15. esophagus: muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx
to the stomach
16. epiglottis: The flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and
prevents food from entering.
, 17. what takes place in the stomach?: peristalsis gastric juices
help breakdown proteins
chyme is created
18. peristalsis: involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep
food moving along in one direction through the digestive system
19. gastric juice: chemically breaksdown proteins acidic (pH of 2)
20. mucus: protects stomach wall from acidity of gastric juices
21. protease: Enzyme that breaks down proteins
22. chyme: a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that
passes from the stom- ach into the small intestine
23. small intestine: digestive organ in which most chemical
digestion takes place majority of digestion and absorption occur
here!!
24. how long is the SI?: 6 meters
25. pyloric sphincter: circular muscle that controls the movement
of chyme from the stomach to the small intestines
26. liver: large organ just above the stomach that produces bile
27. gallbladder: stores bile
28. bile: a mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the
breakdown of fat
29. pancreas: located partially behind the stomach in the
abdomen, and it functions as both an endocrine and exocrine
gland.
