NR 565 - ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM WITH
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with potential long
term consequences? - CORRECT ANSWERS -1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Recommendations of medications inappropriate for
elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450) - CORRECT ANSWERS -liver enzyme system where medications
are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers - CORRECT ANSWERS -Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has
lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic - CORRECT ANSWERS -"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names - CORRECT ANSWERS -Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin,
alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS -inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic - CORRECT ANSWERS -"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK
to look GQ"
,CYP450 inhibitors drug names - CORRECT ANSWERS -Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone,
chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties
of drugs? - CORRECT ANSWERS -increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic - CORRECT ANSWERS -Antiepileptic drugs,
antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants,
and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates? - CORRECT ANSWERS -slow and
erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy? - CORRECT ANSWERS -delayed
gastric emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient? - CORRECT ANSWERS -
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides,
levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient education? - CORRECT ANSWERS -dosage
size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
,nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an adverse drug
reaction? - CORRECT ANSWERS -obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter
medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients? - CORRECT ANSWERS -simplifying
drug regimens
, providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Need nitrate free interval
so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect
Tolerance
patho
age
bodyweight
Do you need informed consent for genetic testing? - CORRECT ANSWERS -yes
What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discriminatory Act? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Protects
patients from discrimination by employers and insurance providers based on genetic information
Difference between practice authority and prescriptive authority? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Practice
authority refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician oversight, whereas
PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM WITH
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with potential long
term consequences? - CORRECT ANSWERS -1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Recommendations of medications inappropriate for
elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450) - CORRECT ANSWERS -liver enzyme system where medications
are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers - CORRECT ANSWERS -Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has
lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic - CORRECT ANSWERS -"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names - CORRECT ANSWERS -Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin,
alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS -inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic - CORRECT ANSWERS -"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK
to look GQ"
,CYP450 inhibitors drug names - CORRECT ANSWERS -Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone,
chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties
of drugs? - CORRECT ANSWERS -increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic - CORRECT ANSWERS -Antiepileptic drugs,
antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants,
and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates? - CORRECT ANSWERS -slow and
erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy? - CORRECT ANSWERS -delayed
gastric emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient? - CORRECT ANSWERS -
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides,
levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient education? - CORRECT ANSWERS -dosage
size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
,nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an adverse drug
reaction? - CORRECT ANSWERS -obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter
medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients? - CORRECT ANSWERS -simplifying
drug regimens
, providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Need nitrate free interval
so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect
Tolerance
patho
age
bodyweight
Do you need informed consent for genetic testing? - CORRECT ANSWERS -yes
What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discriminatory Act? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Protects
patients from discrimination by employers and insurance providers based on genetic information
Difference between practice authority and prescriptive authority? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Practice
authority refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician oversight, whereas
