ESL TEXES SUPPLEMENTAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Acculturation - correct answer- The process of adapting to a new culture.
The process of acculturation occurs through several strategies including the
following: - correct answer- assimilation & marginalization
Assimilation - correct answer- The members of a group are absorbed into a
culture and lose characteristics of the first culture. The group is willing or
forced to accept the surface and deep culture of the new culture and give up
original culture.
Marginalization - correct answer- Groups lacking desirable traits are
excluded from society. These groups include poor, uneducated, undesirable
color and language. These groups will stay on the margin of acceptance by
society unless there is social intervention.
Adaptation - correct answer- Finding ways to adapt to and become part of
the new culture while maintaining important values and customs of the
original culture.
Affective Filter - correct answer- The psychological barrier that allows input
to be filtered through to a language processing mechanism. A low filter has
little anxiety increasing comprehension and attention.
,Assimilation - correct answer- Deciding to become like members of the
new culture, to accept their surface and deep culture, and giving up the
original culture.
Bilingual Education - correct answer- An educational program in which two
languages are used during instruction in order to 1) continue primary
language development, 2) provide instruction in content in both L1 and L2,
and 3) English acquisition.
BICS - correct answer- (Cummins, J. 1979-1980) Basic Interpersonal
Communication Skills: Skills necessary for functioning in every day life,
face-to face interactions. These skills usually take about two years to
develop in most second language learners.
Brain Laterization - correct answer- Refers to functions of the left and right
hemispheres of the brain which affects language acquisition.
CALP - correct answer- (Cummins, J. 1979-1980) Cognitive Academic
Language Proficiency: The aspects of language linked to literacy and
academic achievement. These skills usually take five to seven years to fully
develop in Second language learners.
Chompsky, Noam - correct answer- Professor Emeritus of Linguistics,
MIT. He is credited with the creation of the Theory of Generative
Grammar. His naturalistic approach to the study of language affected the
philosophy of language and mind
through his theory of the Language Acquistion Device. His work influenced
the works of Krashen and Terrell among others.
,Cognates - correct answer- Words which have a common origin. There are
3 distinct levels. They are: True Cognate- Partial Cognate- False Cognate
True Cognate - correct answer- The word is spelled the same, meaning the
same, but pronunciation will be different according to language structure of
the words such as an accent mark.
Example: English- rodeo Spanish- rodeo
Partial Cognate - correct answer- The word in other languages has the same
origin but the spelling will differ. The meaning will be the same but the
pronunciation due to the language structure will be different. Example:
english- fragrance spanish- frangancia english- apple german apfel
False Cognate - correct answer- The word in another language may have
the same origin but will have different spelling and different meaning.
Pronunciation will be different. Example: English- ext- to go out, leave
Spanish- exito- success English- embarrassed- uncomfortable Spanish
embarazada- pregnant
Cognitive Strategies - correct answer- Learning strategies that are taught to
promote independent learning and higher order thinking skills.
Comprehensible Input - correct answer- Language that is understood by the
learner. Focuses on meaning first and uses simplified speech.
, Connotation - correct answer- The implying or suggesting of an additional
meaning for a word or phrase apart from the explicit meaning.
Culture - correct answer- is shared beliefs, values , and rule governed by
patterns of behavior that define a group. (Peregoy & Boyle, 2001) It
includes what people know and believe, what people do, and what people
make and use.
Surface Culture - correct answer- Part of culture that can be seen: Language,
clothing, food, customs, and art.
Deep Culture - correct answer- Below the surface are the more meaningful
and powerful aspects of culture: a. Beliefs- what we see as truth b. Norms-
unwritten rules for behavior c. values- what we hold most important
Culture Shock - correct answer- The realization of the depth of difference
between home culture and the new culture; may cause frustration, anger,
and depression.
Cummins, Jim - correct answer- Professor, University of
Toronto/ is one of the world's leading authorities on bilingual education
and second language acquisition. The acronyms
"BICS" and "CALP" were first introduced by him in 1979-1980. The
distinction of the two skills were intended to draw attention to different time
periods required by the learner in the language acquisition process.
Denotation - correct answer- The most specific or literal meaning of a word,
as opposed to its figurative senses or connotations.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Acculturation - correct answer- The process of adapting to a new culture.
The process of acculturation occurs through several strategies including the
following: - correct answer- assimilation & marginalization
Assimilation - correct answer- The members of a group are absorbed into a
culture and lose characteristics of the first culture. The group is willing or
forced to accept the surface and deep culture of the new culture and give up
original culture.
Marginalization - correct answer- Groups lacking desirable traits are
excluded from society. These groups include poor, uneducated, undesirable
color and language. These groups will stay on the margin of acceptance by
society unless there is social intervention.
Adaptation - correct answer- Finding ways to adapt to and become part of
the new culture while maintaining important values and customs of the
original culture.
Affective Filter - correct answer- The psychological barrier that allows input
to be filtered through to a language processing mechanism. A low filter has
little anxiety increasing comprehension and attention.
,Assimilation - correct answer- Deciding to become like members of the
new culture, to accept their surface and deep culture, and giving up the
original culture.
Bilingual Education - correct answer- An educational program in which two
languages are used during instruction in order to 1) continue primary
language development, 2) provide instruction in content in both L1 and L2,
and 3) English acquisition.
BICS - correct answer- (Cummins, J. 1979-1980) Basic Interpersonal
Communication Skills: Skills necessary for functioning in every day life,
face-to face interactions. These skills usually take about two years to
develop in most second language learners.
Brain Laterization - correct answer- Refers to functions of the left and right
hemispheres of the brain which affects language acquisition.
CALP - correct answer- (Cummins, J. 1979-1980) Cognitive Academic
Language Proficiency: The aspects of language linked to literacy and
academic achievement. These skills usually take five to seven years to fully
develop in Second language learners.
Chompsky, Noam - correct answer- Professor Emeritus of Linguistics,
MIT. He is credited with the creation of the Theory of Generative
Grammar. His naturalistic approach to the study of language affected the
philosophy of language and mind
through his theory of the Language Acquistion Device. His work influenced
the works of Krashen and Terrell among others.
,Cognates - correct answer- Words which have a common origin. There are
3 distinct levels. They are: True Cognate- Partial Cognate- False Cognate
True Cognate - correct answer- The word is spelled the same, meaning the
same, but pronunciation will be different according to language structure of
the words such as an accent mark.
Example: English- rodeo Spanish- rodeo
Partial Cognate - correct answer- The word in other languages has the same
origin but the spelling will differ. The meaning will be the same but the
pronunciation due to the language structure will be different. Example:
english- fragrance spanish- frangancia english- apple german apfel
False Cognate - correct answer- The word in another language may have
the same origin but will have different spelling and different meaning.
Pronunciation will be different. Example: English- ext- to go out, leave
Spanish- exito- success English- embarrassed- uncomfortable Spanish
embarazada- pregnant
Cognitive Strategies - correct answer- Learning strategies that are taught to
promote independent learning and higher order thinking skills.
Comprehensible Input - correct answer- Language that is understood by the
learner. Focuses on meaning first and uses simplified speech.
, Connotation - correct answer- The implying or suggesting of an additional
meaning for a word or phrase apart from the explicit meaning.
Culture - correct answer- is shared beliefs, values , and rule governed by
patterns of behavior that define a group. (Peregoy & Boyle, 2001) It
includes what people know and believe, what people do, and what people
make and use.
Surface Culture - correct answer- Part of culture that can be seen: Language,
clothing, food, customs, and art.
Deep Culture - correct answer- Below the surface are the more meaningful
and powerful aspects of culture: a. Beliefs- what we see as truth b. Norms-
unwritten rules for behavior c. values- what we hold most important
Culture Shock - correct answer- The realization of the depth of difference
between home culture and the new culture; may cause frustration, anger,
and depression.
Cummins, Jim - correct answer- Professor, University of
Toronto/ is one of the world's leading authorities on bilingual education
and second language acquisition. The acronyms
"BICS" and "CALP" were first introduced by him in 1979-1980. The
distinction of the two skills were intended to draw attention to different time
periods required by the learner in the language acquisition process.
Denotation - correct answer- The most specific or literal meaning of a word,
as opposed to its figurative senses or connotations.
