Page 1 of 17
WEEK 3: PERIOPERATIVE CARE EXAM QUESTIONS AND WELL
ELABORATED ANSWERS FOR EXAM PREPARATION
Terms in this set (73)
>> What happens during the 3 phases of perioperative care?
- correct answer- preoperative: assessing client, identifying potential/actual health problems,
planning specific care based on individual needs
Intraoperative: procedures designed to create/maintain a safe therapeutic environment for the
patient and health care team
Post-operative: assess patient's response to surgery, performing interventions to facilitate
healing and prevent complications, teaching and providing support to the patient and support
people, and planning for home care
>> When does each phase of perioperative care occur?
- correct answer- pre-operative: start of when decision to have surgery is made
in surgical suite: end of pre-operative, beginning on intraoperative phase
post-anesthesia room: end of intraoperative, beginning of postoperative
healing is complete: end of postoperative
>> What is the difference between in-patient and out-patient procedures?
- correct answer- in-patient: hospital-based
out-patient: client goes to outpatient site day of surgery, has operation, leaves the same day.
The 3 phases are shortened and postoperative phase continues at home
>> What are the 5 reasons that surgery might be performed? (purpose of surgery)
- correct answer- diagnostic: confirms/establishes a diagnosis
palliative: relieves/reduces pain or symptoms of a disease (DOES NOT CURE)
, Page 2 of 17
ablative/curative: removes diseased body part
constructive: restores function/appearance that has been lost/reduced (e.g. breast implant)
transplantation: replacement of malfunctioning structures
>> compare and contrast emergency surgery vs. urgent surgery vs. elective surgery.
- correct answer- emergency: performed immediately to preserve function or life of the client
urgent: surgical problem requires attention within 24 - 48 hours (e.g. kidney stone removal)
elective: surgical intervention is preferred but condition is not life threatening (hip replacement
surgery, breast reduction)
>> What is the difference between invasive (open) surgery and minimally invasive
(laparoscopic) surgery?
- correct answer- invasive: large incisions made to visualize and provide direct access to the area
requiring surgery (most often cardiac or abdominal)
minimally invasive: multiple small incisions (e.g. arthroscopy, cholycystemctomy). Patient
experiences less trauma, pain, and scarring
>> What are the following types of surgeries (you may need to look some of these up on the
Internet):
- correct answer- Orthopedic surgery: surgery on musculoskeletal system
General surgery: abdominal contents, peripheral vascular surgery, hernias
Cardiac surgery: surgery performed on heart
Thoracic surgery: operations on chest (heart, lung, esophagus, etc)
>> What types of specialize equipment might be used to classify a surgery?
- correct answer- robotic surgery: use of a robot (laparoscopic surgery)
laser surgery: use of laser (e.g. eye surgery)
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>> How is the degree of risk used to classify surgery?
- correct answer- major surgery: high degree of risk (may be complicated, prolonged, large loss of
blood, involves vital organs, postoperative complications likely)
minor surgery: little risk, few complications, day surgery
>> How does the anatomy and physiology of a neonate or infant increase the risk of surgery?
- correct answer- neonates/infants/older adults at greater risk of surgery complications:
high metabolic rate in neonates/infants, blood volume small --> inadequate oxygenation
large body surface area, immature temperature regulatory mechanisms --> hypothermia
affects ability to metabolize and eliminate drugs as organs have not reached maturity
>> How does the developmental stage of a child affect the child's ability to withstand surgery?
- correct answer- older children + toddlers: fear painful events and death, parent-child
relationship, parent's coping abilities, preoperative teachings
>> How does the anatomy and physiology of an older adult increase the risk of surgery
- correct answer- fewer physiological reserves to meet demands of surgery (lower percentage of
body fluids, decreased kidney functions, decreased thirst response fluid + electrolyte
imbalances), declines in sensory function, presence of dementia, other chronic diseases
>> What are the 9 health problems that increase the risk for surgery?
- correct answer- malnutrition, obesity, cardiac conditions, blood coagulation disorders, respiratory
tract infections, renal disease, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, uncontrolled neurological disease
WEEK 3: PERIOPERATIVE CARE EXAM QUESTIONS AND WELL
ELABORATED ANSWERS FOR EXAM PREPARATION
Terms in this set (73)
>> What happens during the 3 phases of perioperative care?
- correct answer- preoperative: assessing client, identifying potential/actual health problems,
planning specific care based on individual needs
Intraoperative: procedures designed to create/maintain a safe therapeutic environment for the
patient and health care team
Post-operative: assess patient's response to surgery, performing interventions to facilitate
healing and prevent complications, teaching and providing support to the patient and support
people, and planning for home care
>> When does each phase of perioperative care occur?
- correct answer- pre-operative: start of when decision to have surgery is made
in surgical suite: end of pre-operative, beginning on intraoperative phase
post-anesthesia room: end of intraoperative, beginning of postoperative
healing is complete: end of postoperative
>> What is the difference between in-patient and out-patient procedures?
- correct answer- in-patient: hospital-based
out-patient: client goes to outpatient site day of surgery, has operation, leaves the same day.
The 3 phases are shortened and postoperative phase continues at home
>> What are the 5 reasons that surgery might be performed? (purpose of surgery)
- correct answer- diagnostic: confirms/establishes a diagnosis
palliative: relieves/reduces pain or symptoms of a disease (DOES NOT CURE)
, Page 2 of 17
ablative/curative: removes diseased body part
constructive: restores function/appearance that has been lost/reduced (e.g. breast implant)
transplantation: replacement of malfunctioning structures
>> compare and contrast emergency surgery vs. urgent surgery vs. elective surgery.
- correct answer- emergency: performed immediately to preserve function or life of the client
urgent: surgical problem requires attention within 24 - 48 hours (e.g. kidney stone removal)
elective: surgical intervention is preferred but condition is not life threatening (hip replacement
surgery, breast reduction)
>> What is the difference between invasive (open) surgery and minimally invasive
(laparoscopic) surgery?
- correct answer- invasive: large incisions made to visualize and provide direct access to the area
requiring surgery (most often cardiac or abdominal)
minimally invasive: multiple small incisions (e.g. arthroscopy, cholycystemctomy). Patient
experiences less trauma, pain, and scarring
>> What are the following types of surgeries (you may need to look some of these up on the
Internet):
- correct answer- Orthopedic surgery: surgery on musculoskeletal system
General surgery: abdominal contents, peripheral vascular surgery, hernias
Cardiac surgery: surgery performed on heart
Thoracic surgery: operations on chest (heart, lung, esophagus, etc)
>> What types of specialize equipment might be used to classify a surgery?
- correct answer- robotic surgery: use of a robot (laparoscopic surgery)
laser surgery: use of laser (e.g. eye surgery)
, Page 3 of 17
>> How is the degree of risk used to classify surgery?
- correct answer- major surgery: high degree of risk (may be complicated, prolonged, large loss of
blood, involves vital organs, postoperative complications likely)
minor surgery: little risk, few complications, day surgery
>> How does the anatomy and physiology of a neonate or infant increase the risk of surgery?
- correct answer- neonates/infants/older adults at greater risk of surgery complications:
high metabolic rate in neonates/infants, blood volume small --> inadequate oxygenation
large body surface area, immature temperature regulatory mechanisms --> hypothermia
affects ability to metabolize and eliminate drugs as organs have not reached maturity
>> How does the developmental stage of a child affect the child's ability to withstand surgery?
- correct answer- older children + toddlers: fear painful events and death, parent-child
relationship, parent's coping abilities, preoperative teachings
>> How does the anatomy and physiology of an older adult increase the risk of surgery
- correct answer- fewer physiological reserves to meet demands of surgery (lower percentage of
body fluids, decreased kidney functions, decreased thirst response fluid + electrolyte
imbalances), declines in sensory function, presence of dementia, other chronic diseases
>> What are the 9 health problems that increase the risk for surgery?
- correct answer- malnutrition, obesity, cardiac conditions, blood coagulation disorders, respiratory
tract infections, renal disease, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, uncontrolled neurological disease
