Final Exam Sci 221 Exam With All
Answers Correct
To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication control
system or network is required. This type of network is called a(n) - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔feedback control loop.
Local control or _____, intrinsic mechanisms often make use of chemical signals. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔autoregulation
The impact of effector activity on sensors may be positive or negative. Therefore,
homeostatic control mechanisms are categorized as - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔organs
that are directly influenced by physiological variables or mechanisms.
The normal reading or range is called the - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔set point.
Events that lead to an immune response to an infection or the formation of a blood clot
are examples of - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔positive feedback
The concept that information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a change in
anticipation of an event that will follow is called - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔feed-
forward.
Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis are known as - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔homeostatic control mechanisms.
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔receptor, control center,
effector
receptor, control center, effector - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔List the three basic
components of a feedback system.
What term describes a signal traveling toward a particular center or point of reference? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔afferent
Effectors can be described as - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔organs that directly influence
controlled physiological variables.
Many complex processes of the body are coordinated at many levels. These include -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔intracellular, intrinsic and extrinsic
,Which level of control operates at the cell level, often using genes and enzymes to
regulate cell function? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔intracellular regulation
The relatively constant state maintained by the body is known as - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔homeostasis.
The body naturally changes some set points to different values at different times of the
day. These daily cyles are called - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔circadian cycles.
Because negative feedback control systems oppose changes that are opposite in
direction to the initial disturbance, they are - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔slowed or
maintained in the homeostatic range.
Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Reproductive
If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control
loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔
Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions.
Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Transmitter
Homeostasis can best be described as: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a state of relative
constancy
Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔occurrence, distribution, transmission
intrinsic control - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔is sometimes called autoregulation
Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be
the cause of mad cow disease? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Prion
Which of the following may put one at risk for developing a given disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Environment, stress ,lifestyle
The term that literally means self-immunity is: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔autoimmunity.
Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and
sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔viruses.
Pathogenesis can be defined as: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔the course of disease
development
, Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Tapeworms
Negative-feedback mechanisms: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔minimize changes in blood
glucose levels, maintain homeostasis, are responsible for an increased rate of sweating
when air temperature is higher than body temperature
Negative-feedback control systems: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔oppose a change
Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of:
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔the body trying to maintain homeostasis.a negative-
feedback mechanism.
The body's thermostat is located in the - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔hypothalamus.
Positive-feedback control systems: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔accelerate a change
The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____
feedback. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔positive
Which of the following is a basic component of every feedback control loop? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔sensor mechanism
integrating center
effector
feedback
The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Secondary
Sometimes referred to as animal starch, _____ is the main polysaccharide in the body. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔glycogen
The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔dehydration synthesis.
Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide?
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Creatine phosphate
Which lipid is part of vitamin D? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Prostaglandins
Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino
acids? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Primary
Answers Correct
To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication control
system or network is required. This type of network is called a(n) - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔feedback control loop.
Local control or _____, intrinsic mechanisms often make use of chemical signals. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔autoregulation
The impact of effector activity on sensors may be positive or negative. Therefore,
homeostatic control mechanisms are categorized as - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔organs
that are directly influenced by physiological variables or mechanisms.
The normal reading or range is called the - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔set point.
Events that lead to an immune response to an infection or the formation of a blood clot
are examples of - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔positive feedback
The concept that information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a change in
anticipation of an event that will follow is called - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔feed-
forward.
Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis are known as - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔homeostatic control mechanisms.
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔receptor, control center,
effector
receptor, control center, effector - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔List the three basic
components of a feedback system.
What term describes a signal traveling toward a particular center or point of reference? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔afferent
Effectors can be described as - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔organs that directly influence
controlled physiological variables.
Many complex processes of the body are coordinated at many levels. These include -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔intracellular, intrinsic and extrinsic
,Which level of control operates at the cell level, often using genes and enzymes to
regulate cell function? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔intracellular regulation
The relatively constant state maintained by the body is known as - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔homeostasis.
The body naturally changes some set points to different values at different times of the
day. These daily cyles are called - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔circadian cycles.
Because negative feedback control systems oppose changes that are opposite in
direction to the initial disturbance, they are - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔slowed or
maintained in the homeostatic range.
Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Reproductive
If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control
loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔
Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions.
Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Transmitter
Homeostasis can best be described as: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a state of relative
constancy
Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔occurrence, distribution, transmission
intrinsic control - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔is sometimes called autoregulation
Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be
the cause of mad cow disease? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Prion
Which of the following may put one at risk for developing a given disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Environment, stress ,lifestyle
The term that literally means self-immunity is: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔autoimmunity.
Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and
sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔viruses.
Pathogenesis can be defined as: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔the course of disease
development
, Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Tapeworms
Negative-feedback mechanisms: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔minimize changes in blood
glucose levels, maintain homeostasis, are responsible for an increased rate of sweating
when air temperature is higher than body temperature
Negative-feedback control systems: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔oppose a change
Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of:
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔the body trying to maintain homeostasis.a negative-
feedback mechanism.
The body's thermostat is located in the - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔hypothalamus.
Positive-feedback control systems: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔accelerate a change
The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____
feedback. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔positive
Which of the following is a basic component of every feedback control loop? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔sensor mechanism
integrating center
effector
feedback
The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Secondary
Sometimes referred to as animal starch, _____ is the main polysaccharide in the body. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔glycogen
The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔dehydration synthesis.
Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide?
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Creatine phosphate
Which lipid is part of vitamin D? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Prostaglandins
Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino
acids? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Primary
