CMN 003V Midterm question with answers
Why is communication important? - -Essential to your personal and professional
success
-Nature of Communication - -Unavoidable
Strategic
Relational
Instrumental
-Identity management - -How we desire to present ourselves
-How is communication irreversible? - -Once, we said it, we said it
-How is communication a process? - -A message isn't sent or received in isolation
-What is the basic communication model? - -Interaction model
-What does the interaction model include? - -Sender, channel, noise, feedback
-Sender - -person who transmits the message
-Channel - -method used to deliver the message
-Noise - -factors that interfere with the message
-Feedback - -receivers response to the message
-Transactional model/competent model - -Expands by recognizing additional types
of contexts that affect communication (social, relational, cultural)
-Social context - -refers to the social norms that guide communication choices in
certain situations
-Relational context - -refers to your relationship with those that you are
communicating with/audience
-Cultural context - -refers to the learned behaviors of a specific culture
-Three reasons why we communicate - -Express affiliation, maintain relationships,
influence others
-Express affiliation - -The feeling of connectedness we have with other people.
Expressing our association with someone by expressing liking, love, respect as well
as dislike, hatred or disrespect.
-How do we express affiliation? - -Can be expressed verbally, nonverbally, or
mediated
, -Maintain relationships - -What we do and say affects others and what others say
and do affects us
-Influence others - -Most communication is influential in one way or another and
some is intentional
-Communication Apprehension - -Someone's fear or anxiety associated with real or
anticipated communication. Varies person to person, context to context.
-Characteristics of Effective Communication - -Strategic, professional, adaptable
-Being strategic - -purposeful , Audience-oriented ,Persuasive
-Being professional - -Appropriate to the situation/context, Clear and concise,
Ethical
-Being adaptable - -Culturally sensitive, Collaborative
-What does verbal communication consist of? - -Words and verbal fillers
-Verbal fillers - -Things like mmmmm
-Language - -System of symbols (words) that we use to think about and
communicate
-How is language symbolic? - -words are symbols that represent people, ideas or
things and agreed upon by a language using community
-Example of how language is symbolic - -When the word "dog" is said, you might
picture your own dog or one that you saw on tv or a friends dog
-Semantics - -involves the meaning of words and their meaning within sentences
-Pragmatics - -takes the words and meanings but also considers the context in
which the words are used
-Denotative meanings - -a word's commonly accepted definition
-Example of denotative meaning - -dog is commonly accepted as the animal, but
also known as a person who is unpleasant or wicked
-Connotative Meaning - -a word's emotional or attitudinal response people have to
the word
-Example of connotative meaning - -the word school can conjure different images
for different people. If you loved going to school and learning, you would think of
school as a good thing. If you dreaded school and were bullied, you would think of
school as a bad thing.
, -Abstraction ladder - -Language works on various levels on abstraction that range
from vague to specific
-What does the abstraction ladder show? - -how a sequence of words can represent
high level abstractions which are general and vague to more specific
-What do lower abstractions do? - -Work to ensure clarity
-What do higher abstractions do? - -often allow for the following evasion which
allows the speaker to avoid providing specific details
-Evasion - -allows the speaker to avoid providing specific details
-Example of evasion - -High school aged teenager telling parents that they are
going out with friends, but leaving out the specifics that they are going to a raging
party with friends
-Equivocation - -uses words that have unclear or misleading definitions and helps a
speaker to maybe avoid uncomfortable situations
-Example of equivocation - -friend gets bad haircut and said it is "very fashionable."
Even though you don't think it suits them, you don't hurt their feelings
-Euphemisms - -inoffensive words or phrases that substitute for potentially
upsetting terms
-Example of euphemisms - -could say that a loved one has passed away instead or
saying they died
-Why do we use strategic ambiguity? - -To promote harmony, To soften difficult
messages, To make a point indirectly
-Slang - -non standard language used by a particular group of people during a
specific time and place. It is a high level abstraction and can identify people by
group
-Example of slang - -could tell someone was from norcal because they said "hella"
instead of "very"
-Jargon - -technical language that is specific to professions or interest groups and
can be abstract to those outside of the group but clear to group members
-Example of jargon - -watching enough Law and Order can teach you enough police
jargon (call a bus means call an ambulance)
-Inflammatory Language - -Avoid hate speech, labeling, and biased language
-Hate speech - -offensive words to deride a person or group
-Labeling - -how we limit people and constraint them
Why is communication important? - -Essential to your personal and professional
success
-Nature of Communication - -Unavoidable
Strategic
Relational
Instrumental
-Identity management - -How we desire to present ourselves
-How is communication irreversible? - -Once, we said it, we said it
-How is communication a process? - -A message isn't sent or received in isolation
-What is the basic communication model? - -Interaction model
-What does the interaction model include? - -Sender, channel, noise, feedback
-Sender - -person who transmits the message
-Channel - -method used to deliver the message
-Noise - -factors that interfere with the message
-Feedback - -receivers response to the message
-Transactional model/competent model - -Expands by recognizing additional types
of contexts that affect communication (social, relational, cultural)
-Social context - -refers to the social norms that guide communication choices in
certain situations
-Relational context - -refers to your relationship with those that you are
communicating with/audience
-Cultural context - -refers to the learned behaviors of a specific culture
-Three reasons why we communicate - -Express affiliation, maintain relationships,
influence others
-Express affiliation - -The feeling of connectedness we have with other people.
Expressing our association with someone by expressing liking, love, respect as well
as dislike, hatred or disrespect.
-How do we express affiliation? - -Can be expressed verbally, nonverbally, or
mediated
, -Maintain relationships - -What we do and say affects others and what others say
and do affects us
-Influence others - -Most communication is influential in one way or another and
some is intentional
-Communication Apprehension - -Someone's fear or anxiety associated with real or
anticipated communication. Varies person to person, context to context.
-Characteristics of Effective Communication - -Strategic, professional, adaptable
-Being strategic - -purposeful , Audience-oriented ,Persuasive
-Being professional - -Appropriate to the situation/context, Clear and concise,
Ethical
-Being adaptable - -Culturally sensitive, Collaborative
-What does verbal communication consist of? - -Words and verbal fillers
-Verbal fillers - -Things like mmmmm
-Language - -System of symbols (words) that we use to think about and
communicate
-How is language symbolic? - -words are symbols that represent people, ideas or
things and agreed upon by a language using community
-Example of how language is symbolic - -When the word "dog" is said, you might
picture your own dog or one that you saw on tv or a friends dog
-Semantics - -involves the meaning of words and their meaning within sentences
-Pragmatics - -takes the words and meanings but also considers the context in
which the words are used
-Denotative meanings - -a word's commonly accepted definition
-Example of denotative meaning - -dog is commonly accepted as the animal, but
also known as a person who is unpleasant or wicked
-Connotative Meaning - -a word's emotional or attitudinal response people have to
the word
-Example of connotative meaning - -the word school can conjure different images
for different people. If you loved going to school and learning, you would think of
school as a good thing. If you dreaded school and were bullied, you would think of
school as a bad thing.
, -Abstraction ladder - -Language works on various levels on abstraction that range
from vague to specific
-What does the abstraction ladder show? - -how a sequence of words can represent
high level abstractions which are general and vague to more specific
-What do lower abstractions do? - -Work to ensure clarity
-What do higher abstractions do? - -often allow for the following evasion which
allows the speaker to avoid providing specific details
-Evasion - -allows the speaker to avoid providing specific details
-Example of evasion - -High school aged teenager telling parents that they are
going out with friends, but leaving out the specifics that they are going to a raging
party with friends
-Equivocation - -uses words that have unclear or misleading definitions and helps a
speaker to maybe avoid uncomfortable situations
-Example of equivocation - -friend gets bad haircut and said it is "very fashionable."
Even though you don't think it suits them, you don't hurt their feelings
-Euphemisms - -inoffensive words or phrases that substitute for potentially
upsetting terms
-Example of euphemisms - -could say that a loved one has passed away instead or
saying they died
-Why do we use strategic ambiguity? - -To promote harmony, To soften difficult
messages, To make a point indirectly
-Slang - -non standard language used by a particular group of people during a
specific time and place. It is a high level abstraction and can identify people by
group
-Example of slang - -could tell someone was from norcal because they said "hella"
instead of "very"
-Jargon - -technical language that is specific to professions or interest groups and
can be abstract to those outside of the group but clear to group members
-Example of jargon - -watching enough Law and Order can teach you enough police
jargon (call a bus means call an ambulance)
-Inflammatory Language - -Avoid hate speech, labeling, and biased language
-Hate speech - -offensive words to deride a person or group
-Labeling - -how we limit people and constraint them
