1. normal physiology of fluid and electrolytes: maintenance of homeostasis
2. water content varies with , , and content: age,
gender, fat
3. fluid compartments: intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid (interstitial, intravascu- lar
(plasma) and transcellular)
4. transcellular: in enclosed spaces, should maintain consistent amount, ex: CSF, synovial,
pleural fluid
5. cations: positively charged
6. anions: negatively charged
7. electrolytes: substance whose molecules dissociate into ions when placed into water
8. ICF prevalent cation: K+
9. ICF prevalent anion: PO4^3-
10. ECF prevalent cation: Na+
11. ECF prevalent anion: Cl-
12. simple diffusion: movement of molecules from high to low concentration
13. facilitated diffusion: uses carrier to move molecules
14. active transport and example: process in which molecules move against con-
centration gradient
Na/K pump
15. osmosis: movement of water against concentration gradient; occurs to establish
equilibrium
16. osmotic pressure: amount of pressure required to stop osmotic flow of water;
determined by concentration of solutes in solution
17. fluid tonicity: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic
18. hydrostatic pressure: blood pressure generated by heart concentraion
19. oncotic pressure: osmotic pressure caused by plasma proteins
20. the amount of fluid movement and the direction of movement in capillaries is
determined by: capillary hydrostatic pressure, plasma oncotic pressure, intersti- tial
hydrostatic pressure, and interstitial oncotic pressure
21. plasma to fluid shift results in edema: insterstitial
22. interstitial fluid to decreases edema: plasma
23. brawny edema: anything after 4+; tight, can't leave indentation
24. first spacing: normal distribution of fluid in the ICF and ECF
25. second spacing: abnormal (edema) of interstitial fluid
26. third spacing: fluid accumulation in part of the body where it is not easily
exchanged with ECF
27. anasarca: extreme edema; generalized all over edema; whole body; can be
anywhere; organ failure, renal and heart failure
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2. water content varies with , , and content: age,
gender, fat
3. fluid compartments: intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid (interstitial, intravascu- lar
(plasma) and transcellular)
4. transcellular: in enclosed spaces, should maintain consistent amount, ex: CSF, synovial,
pleural fluid
5. cations: positively charged
6. anions: negatively charged
7. electrolytes: substance whose molecules dissociate into ions when placed into water
8. ICF prevalent cation: K+
9. ICF prevalent anion: PO4^3-
10. ECF prevalent cation: Na+
11. ECF prevalent anion: Cl-
12. simple diffusion: movement of molecules from high to low concentration
13. facilitated diffusion: uses carrier to move molecules
14. active transport and example: process in which molecules move against con-
centration gradient
Na/K pump
15. osmosis: movement of water against concentration gradient; occurs to establish
equilibrium
16. osmotic pressure: amount of pressure required to stop osmotic flow of water;
determined by concentration of solutes in solution
17. fluid tonicity: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic
18. hydrostatic pressure: blood pressure generated by heart concentraion
19. oncotic pressure: osmotic pressure caused by plasma proteins
20. the amount of fluid movement and the direction of movement in capillaries is
determined by: capillary hydrostatic pressure, plasma oncotic pressure, intersti- tial
hydrostatic pressure, and interstitial oncotic pressure
21. plasma to fluid shift results in edema: insterstitial
22. interstitial fluid to decreases edema: plasma
23. brawny edema: anything after 4+; tight, can't leave indentation
24. first spacing: normal distribution of fluid in the ICF and ECF
25. second spacing: abnormal (edema) of interstitial fluid
26. third spacing: fluid accumulation in part of the body where it is not easily
exchanged with ECF
27. anasarca: extreme edema; generalized all over edema; whole body; can be
anywhere; organ failure, renal and heart failure
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