BIOL 133 EXAM 1 CHAPTER 1 TO 6 – QUESTION AND ANSWERS {100%}

BIOL 133 Exam 1- Chapters 1-6 94.5/ 100.0 Points Molecules move from a high to low concentration in What is the pathway in which a protein moves through the endomembrane system? The cell theory states If two solutions are different, the one will the higher concentration of solutes is What biological macromolecule provides the initial instructions for the primary sequence of proteins? When the solute concentration in solution 1 is lower than the solute concentration in solution 2, solution 2 is Baking soda can be swallowed to combine with excess hydrogen ions. Baking soda acts as a buffer. The fluid mosaic model describes membranes as fluid due to A tarantula has eight legs, an arachnid in the order Araneae. A grass spider has eight legs, an arachnid in the order Araneaa. A mouse spider has eight legs, an arachnid in the order Araneae. There is a pattern. All organisms in this order have eight legs. This is conducive reasoning You and your roommate are grocery shopping. “I don’t get it,” she says. “My doctor said I should buy this special milk because I don’t digest it well. But this brand says ‘lactose-free’ and this brand says ‘lactase added’ – which do I want?” What protein is matched with its function? The microbiologist Louis Pasteur invented pasteurization, created vaccines for anthrax and rabies, and helped explain the germ theory of disease. He is often quoted as saying, “Chance favors the prepared mind.” A more accurate translation from the French, however, is “Where observation is concerned, chance favors only the prepared mind.” What can you conclude about Pasteur’s attitude about the role of chance in scientific discovery? Cardiac muscle requires junctions that allow electrical signals through. Cardiac muscle also relies on calcium to contract. What junction is involved and what organelle stores calcium? When viewing the shape of a human cheek cell, what microscope would most likely be used? The shape of the cell is predominantly maintained by the In a chocolate bar with nuts and caramel, there are 12 grams of fat, 33 grams of carbohydrates and 4 grams of protein. What percentage of calories comes from fat? When comparing prokaryotes and eukaryotes, flagella Normal (homeostatic) pH level of blood serum’s pH is around 7.4. Carbonic acid is released in the blood to help maintain a pH that has high hydroxyl levels. This would cause pH to change from According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, What are actin filaments? What protein is matched with its function? What is the function of cholesterol in plasma membranes? What components are or can be present in cellular passive transport? What statement(s) describes a concentration gradient? The building blocks of nucleic acids are Carbon-12, Carbon-13, and Carbon-14 are examples of Which statements describe sodium atoms? Select all that apply. To break chemical bonds to start a chemical reaction, ___________ energy is needed. _________________ prevent material from moving in or out of the brain’s capillaries How does the sodium-potassium pump make the interior of the cell negatively charged? Decondensed chromatin is located within the Researchers are working to develop biofuels to free us from dependence on fossil fuels. Based on what you know about cellulose, what do you predict are the major advantage and disadvantage of using cellulose-rich plant material as biofuel? The R group interactions, ?-pleated sheets and ?-helix structure can be denatured, but what interaction relevant to structure cannot be denatured? Noncompetitive inhibition occurs when NASA has discovered a lifeform on another planet! They have called you to help them identify what kind of organism it is. Which features suggest that the lifeform is eukaryotic rather than prokaryotic? (Select all that apply.) Enzymes are catalysts in reactions. What statements describe functions of enzymes? Select all that apply. At a meal, you are served a hamburger with cheese, onions, and beef on a bun. What ingredients represent the most carbohydrates? Select all that apply. If an integrin protein is mutated what cell function might be affected? Researchers are working to develop biofuels to free us from dependence on fossil fuels. Based on what you know about cellulose, what do you predict are the major advantage and disadvantage of using cellulose-rich plant material as biofuel? NASA’s Kepler mission found evidence of several potentially habitable exoplanets, raising the possibility that life may have evolved independently outside of our solar system. If NASA found a novel lifeform, we would expect it to use energy molecules based on similar principles as lifeforms on Earth. The organism would likely use molecules with _____________ bonds. It might use two separate molecules, one serving as a rapidly utilizable energy currency and another molecule serving as long-term energy storage