NR 324 Adult Health Exam 1 Questions
with Correct Answers
What is third spacing? - ANSWERSWhen fluid accumulates in a portion of the body
from which it is not easily exchanged with the rest of the ECF (e.g., burns, blisters).
What is the normal osmolality range for the blood? - ANSWERS275-295
Give an example of a high serum osmolality (number and what we could conclude from
that number) - ANSWERSSerum osmolality of 300 means more solute than volume=
water deficit AKA-fluid volume deficit
Give an example of a low serum osmolality (number and what we could conclude from
that number) - ANSWERSSerum osmolality of 270 means less solute than volume=
water overload AKA fluid volume excess
Urine specific gravity range - ANSWERS1.005-1.030
low specific gravity indicates - ANSWERSdilute urine
high specific gravity indicates - ANSWERSdehydration and concentrated urine
Normal range for BUN - ANSWERS10-20 mg/dL
What is hematocrit? - ANSWERSpercent of blood volume that is RBCs
Partial pressure of oxygen range (PAO2) - ANSWERS80-100
What type of IV solution would be used for someone with cerebral edema or severe
hyponatremia? - ANSWERSHypertonic solution
How do you know an ABG issue is partially compensated? - ANSWERSWhen all 3
factors are abnormal (pH, HCO3, CO2)
How do you know when an ABG issue is uncompensated? - ANSWERSWhen pH and
one other factor are abnormal and the other factor is normal
How do you know when an ABG issue is fully compensated? - ANSWERSwhen the pH
is normal and both the other parameters are abnormal
What are the normal parameters for pH, CO2 and HCO3? - ANSWERSpH- 7.35-7.45
CO2- 35-45
HCO3- 22-26
, How do you know what the original problem was for a fully compensated problem? -
ANSWERSLook at the pH!
If the pH is 7.35-7.4 it was an acidic problem
If the pH is 7.41-7.45 it was an alkalotic problem
Respiratory alkalosis can lead to the same symptoms as what type of electrolyte
imbalance? - ANSWERSHypocalcemia symptoms- tingling of the face, chvosteks sign
etc.
What electrolyte imbalance is the rarest imbalance? - ANSWERSmetabolic alkalosis
Why is metabolic alkalosis hard to compensate for? - ANSWERSBecause the RR
needs to slow down in order to compensate for it and you don't want it to slow down too
much otherwise you could die
Acidodic patients tend to be more _____________ whereas alkalotic patients tend to be
more _______________ - ANSWERSAcidodic patients= more lethargic
Alkalotic patients= more excitable
What is Chvostek's sign? - ANSWERSIt is a sign of hypocalcemia. You tap on the facial
nerve (on the cheek in front of the ear) and the persons face will twitch when you do
that.
What is Trousseau's sign? - ANSWERSIt is another sign of hypocalcemia. BP cuff
inflated and causes a carpal spasm.
What are 2 important assessments to perform when looking for signs of hyponatremia?
- ANSWERSLOC and UO
Normal calcium lab values? - ANSWERS9.0-10.5
Normal Magnesium values? - ANSWERS1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Normal potassium levels? - ANSWERS3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal Sodium levels? - ANSWERS135-145 mEq/L
What does aldosterone do? - ANSWERStells body to hold onto sodium and water
follows
What are expected lab values for fluid volume deficit? - ANSWERSincreased
hematocrit, serum osmolality, BUN and sodium
with Correct Answers
What is third spacing? - ANSWERSWhen fluid accumulates in a portion of the body
from which it is not easily exchanged with the rest of the ECF (e.g., burns, blisters).
What is the normal osmolality range for the blood? - ANSWERS275-295
Give an example of a high serum osmolality (number and what we could conclude from
that number) - ANSWERSSerum osmolality of 300 means more solute than volume=
water deficit AKA-fluid volume deficit
Give an example of a low serum osmolality (number and what we could conclude from
that number) - ANSWERSSerum osmolality of 270 means less solute than volume=
water overload AKA fluid volume excess
Urine specific gravity range - ANSWERS1.005-1.030
low specific gravity indicates - ANSWERSdilute urine
high specific gravity indicates - ANSWERSdehydration and concentrated urine
Normal range for BUN - ANSWERS10-20 mg/dL
What is hematocrit? - ANSWERSpercent of blood volume that is RBCs
Partial pressure of oxygen range (PAO2) - ANSWERS80-100
What type of IV solution would be used for someone with cerebral edema or severe
hyponatremia? - ANSWERSHypertonic solution
How do you know an ABG issue is partially compensated? - ANSWERSWhen all 3
factors are abnormal (pH, HCO3, CO2)
How do you know when an ABG issue is uncompensated? - ANSWERSWhen pH and
one other factor are abnormal and the other factor is normal
How do you know when an ABG issue is fully compensated? - ANSWERSwhen the pH
is normal and both the other parameters are abnormal
What are the normal parameters for pH, CO2 and HCO3? - ANSWERSpH- 7.35-7.45
CO2- 35-45
HCO3- 22-26
, How do you know what the original problem was for a fully compensated problem? -
ANSWERSLook at the pH!
If the pH is 7.35-7.4 it was an acidic problem
If the pH is 7.41-7.45 it was an alkalotic problem
Respiratory alkalosis can lead to the same symptoms as what type of electrolyte
imbalance? - ANSWERSHypocalcemia symptoms- tingling of the face, chvosteks sign
etc.
What electrolyte imbalance is the rarest imbalance? - ANSWERSmetabolic alkalosis
Why is metabolic alkalosis hard to compensate for? - ANSWERSBecause the RR
needs to slow down in order to compensate for it and you don't want it to slow down too
much otherwise you could die
Acidodic patients tend to be more _____________ whereas alkalotic patients tend to be
more _______________ - ANSWERSAcidodic patients= more lethargic
Alkalotic patients= more excitable
What is Chvostek's sign? - ANSWERSIt is a sign of hypocalcemia. You tap on the facial
nerve (on the cheek in front of the ear) and the persons face will twitch when you do
that.
What is Trousseau's sign? - ANSWERSIt is another sign of hypocalcemia. BP cuff
inflated and causes a carpal spasm.
What are 2 important assessments to perform when looking for signs of hyponatremia?
- ANSWERSLOC and UO
Normal calcium lab values? - ANSWERS9.0-10.5
Normal Magnesium values? - ANSWERS1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Normal potassium levels? - ANSWERS3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal Sodium levels? - ANSWERS135-145 mEq/L
What does aldosterone do? - ANSWERStells body to hold onto sodium and water
follows
What are expected lab values for fluid volume deficit? - ANSWERSincreased
hematocrit, serum osmolality, BUN and sodium
