Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 4 Questions with Detailed Verified Answers

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Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 4
Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers


Question: Infectious Mononucleosis


Ans: An acute, self-limiting viral infection of B cells, most commonly
caused Epstein - Barr Virus ( EBV) but can be caused by CMV, adenovirus,
hepatitis A, influenza A and B, rubella, bacteria toxoplasma gondii,
corynebacterium diptheriae, and coxiella burnetii.


Question:Infectious Mononucleosis triad of symptoms


Ans: Pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, fever


Question:Infectious Mononucleosis


Ans: Transmission is through saliva ("kissing disease") and blood


Question:Incubation period Mononucleosis


Ans: Approx. 30-50 days/4-8 weeks, followed by a 3-5 day prodrome of
fever, malaise, and arthralgias.


Question:Symptoms of Mononucleosis

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Ans: Fatigue may last for 1-2 months after resolution of the infection.
Rarely the lymph nodes and spleen will become enlarged causing
splenomegally 50% of the time.


Question:Leading cause of death from Mononucleosis


Ans: Splenic rupture is rare but can occur and is the leading cause of death.


Question:Diagnostic Criteria for Mononucleosis


Ans: Diagnosis is based on Hoagland's criteria of at least 50% lymphocytes
and at least 10% atypical lymphocytes in the blood in the presence of
fever, pharyngitis, and adenopathy confirmed by a positive serologic test.
5-15% of Monospot tests yield false-positive results.


Question:Mononucleosis Treatment


Ans: Is usually self-limiting, medical intervention is rarely required.
Treatment is supportive including rest, analgesics and antipyretics.


Question:Mononucleosis Treatment


Ans: Ibuprofen, NOT ASPIRIN, is used in children and adolescents due to
reported incidence of Reye syndrome associated with EBV. Ampicillin is
contraindicated because it can cause a rash in most cases of IM. Bed rest
and avoidance of strenuous activity should be included, as well as steroids.
Acyclovir has been used in immunosuppressed individuals.

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Question:Leukemia


Ans: an uncontrolled proliferation of malignant leukocytes, causing an
overcrowding of bone marrow and decreased production and function of
normal hematopoietic cells.


Question:Leukemia


Ans: classified by its predominant cell of origin (myeloid or lymphoid) and
the rate of progression (chronic or acute).


Question:Four types of Leukemia


Ans: Acute lymphocytic (ALL), acute myelogenous (AML), chronic
lymphocytic (CLL), and chronic myelogenous (CML).


Question:Leukemia


Ans: White children have higher rates of occurrence. ALL is the least
common overall but is the most common in children.


Question:Leukemia Patho


Ans: Blasts "crowd out" bone marrow and cause cellular proliferation of
the other cell lines to decrease, possibly resulting in pancytopenia
(reduction in all cellular components of blood).


Question:Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Ans: • most common childhood leukemia


• greater than 30% lymphoblasts in bone marrow or blood


• genetic anomaly - Philadelphia chromosome (between chromosomes 9
and 22)


• risk factors: prenatal x-ray exposure, postnatal exposure to high-dose
radiation, viral infections with HTLV-1 (can cause rare form of ALL and
EBV), Down syndrome


Question:Acute Myelogenous Leukemia


Ans: • most common adult leukemia


• Down syndrome increases risk


• caused by abnormal proliferation of myeloid precursor cells, decreased
rate of apoptosis, arrest in cellular differentiation, mutation in the receptor
tyrosine kinase FLT3


• risk factors include exposure to radiation, benzene, chemotherapy,
hereditary conditions


Question:Manifestations of Acute Leukemia