NUR3503 CHILDREN & YOUNG PEOPLE'S HEALTH &
WELLBEING EXAM 300+ QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2025
What is the child and family centred care approach/practice? CFCC principles? (H:
R, D, A, IS, P/FI, IPC, E, F, A, C)
respect, dignity, autonomy, information sharing, participation/family involvement,
interprofessional collaboration, empowerment, flexibility, adaptability, choices
why do you think children are different to adults? Discuss psychosocial
development
psychosocial- children are vulnerable, powerless, dependant as they are constantly
growing, developing and maturing
why do you think children are different to adults? Discuss physical development
(H: physical- TR, (high centre of gravity), TCB, LHtBS)
temp regulation, larger head to body size (high centre of gravity), thinner cranial
bones, larger heart to body size
why do you think children are different to adults? (H: physical- differences in O of
the R, C, N, M, H, R, FH)
physical- differences in organs of the resp, cardio, neurological, musculoskeletal,
hepatic, renal, fluid homeostasis
physical differences - cardiovascular (SBV, SV, IW)
small blood vol, small veins, increased workload
physical differences - respiratory (NA, HRoO, SoL/T, FA)
narrow airways, high risk of obstruction, shape of larynx/trachea, fewer alveoli
physical differences - musculoskeletal (L of MT, P, C, S/F bones)
lack of muscle tone, power, coordination, soft/flexible bones
,physical differences - renal (H: Large TBW, IK, inability to CU, IUO)
large total body water, immature kidneys, inability to concentrate urine, increased
urine output
1. What do children need for growth and development? (BNs, ES, SN, N/N)
Basic needs, emotional support, safety needs, nature/nurture
How can growth and development be monitored?physical:
height, weight, percentiles, head circumference, mobility
How can growth and development be monitored? psychosocial milestones (H:
E&CD e.g S, A&I B, OE
emotional, cognitive, social, physical & language development e.g able to share,
appropriate vs non-appropriate behaviours, consolability, attachment to parents
How can you effectively communicate with children? What are some factors to
consider? (H: A-AL, WBL/P e.g eye level, PT, SE, AL, GC)
age-appropriate language (laymans), welcoming body language/posture e.g same
eye level, play therapy, safe environment, active listening, gentle communication,
parent involvement
Why is it important to manage the fluid and electrolyte balance in children? (H:
(HWBR of ECF compared to ICF -% compared to % in adults), HMR uses MC,
LSA=HLOF in T,S, IK=LWE)
children dehydrate quickly (high water body ratio of ECF compared to ICF 75-
80% compared to 60% in adults), high metabolic rate uses more calories, large
SA=high loss of fluid in tears, sweating, immature kidneys=loses water easily
What is the aetiology of fluid loss? (H: D&V (common), B, H)
diarrhoea & vomiting (common), burns, haemorrhage
Discuss the three main classification of dehydration, give one example each
hypotonic= water moves into cells e.g 0.45% NaCl, 2% dextrose, isotonic= no
movement e.g 0.9% NaCl, 5% dextrose, hypertonic= water moves out of cells e.g
2.5% NaCl, 10-15% dextrose
Discuss the signs of mild dehydration in children?
,no physical signs, reduced UO, increased thirst
4. Discuss the signs of moderate dehydration in children?
lethargic, sunken eyes/fontanelle in babies, dry lips/mucous membranes
4. Discuss the signs of severe dehydration in children? (H: P, LOSE, SWL, dLOC,
high HR, ICR, low bp)
pallor, loss of skin elasticity, sudden weight loss, decreased LOC, tachycardia,
increased cap refill, hypotension
How is dehydration in children managed? in mod dehydration and severe (H:
mod= ORT, IVF, severe= IFR)
mod= oral rehydration therapy, IVF & severe= intravenous fluid resuscitation
Why is pain management important in when nursing children? (H: hospital stays,
comfort, vitals)
reduces length of hospital stays, provides comfort, stabilises vitals
1. What are the consequences of poorly managed pain in the paediatric patient?
(F/A, PTSD, IIR, WHC)
fear/anxiety, PTSD, increased infection risk, wound healing complications
Pete is a 5-year-old boy experiencing abdominal pain. Which pain assessment tool
will you use to determine his level of pain
FACES pain scale
Which pain assessment tool will you use to determine level of pain for newborns
and infants (H:NIPS)
neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS)
Which pain assessment tool will you use to determine level of pain for premature
infants (H: PIPP)
premature infant pain profile
Which pain assessment tool will you use to determine level of pain for 0-3 years
(H: FLACC)
face, leg activity, cry, consolability (FLACC)
, Which pain assessment tool will you use to determine level of pain for non-
verbal/cognitively impaired (0-18 years) (H: RFLACC)
revised faces, leg activity, cry, consolability (RFLACC)
Which pain assessment tool will you use to determine level of pain for 3-7/8 years
(H: FPS-R)
FACES pain scale revised
Which pain assessment tool will you use to determine level of pain for >8 years
(N/V analogue scale)
numerical/visual analogue scale
Discuss 3 pharmacological pain management in children (H: O, N...., A.agents e.g
cream, P, I)
opioids, NSAIDs, anaesthetic agents e.g EMLA cream, paracetamol, Ibuprofen,
morphine
Discuss 3 non-pharmacological pain management in children
massage, distractions, sucrose (for neonates)
Discuss the pre-procedure pain management you would undertake when preparing
a younger child for IV cannulation and needling or port?
use emla patch for local anaesthetic, distraction with music/movies, play therapies,
involve parents
Discuss how you will incorporate family centred care during an educational
session on post-operative pain management. (H: PM, importance of reporting, what
to look out for, P/NP A,
include parents in the education for pain management, importance of reporting
pain, what to look out for, pharmacological/non-pharmacological approaches
What are the common signs and symptoms presented by children with neurological
conditions? (H: H, P, V, Dr, Di, S, C in VA, F, MW)
headache, photophobia, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, seizures, changes in
visual acuity, fever, muscle weakness
What tools are used to assess neurological problems?
WELLBEING EXAM 300+ QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2025
What is the child and family centred care approach/practice? CFCC principles? (H:
R, D, A, IS, P/FI, IPC, E, F, A, C)
respect, dignity, autonomy, information sharing, participation/family involvement,
interprofessional collaboration, empowerment, flexibility, adaptability, choices
why do you think children are different to adults? Discuss psychosocial
development
psychosocial- children are vulnerable, powerless, dependant as they are constantly
growing, developing and maturing
why do you think children are different to adults? Discuss physical development
(H: physical- TR, (high centre of gravity), TCB, LHtBS)
temp regulation, larger head to body size (high centre of gravity), thinner cranial
bones, larger heart to body size
why do you think children are different to adults? (H: physical- differences in O of
the R, C, N, M, H, R, FH)
physical- differences in organs of the resp, cardio, neurological, musculoskeletal,
hepatic, renal, fluid homeostasis
physical differences - cardiovascular (SBV, SV, IW)
small blood vol, small veins, increased workload
physical differences - respiratory (NA, HRoO, SoL/T, FA)
narrow airways, high risk of obstruction, shape of larynx/trachea, fewer alveoli
physical differences - musculoskeletal (L of MT, P, C, S/F bones)
lack of muscle tone, power, coordination, soft/flexible bones
,physical differences - renal (H: Large TBW, IK, inability to CU, IUO)
large total body water, immature kidneys, inability to concentrate urine, increased
urine output
1. What do children need for growth and development? (BNs, ES, SN, N/N)
Basic needs, emotional support, safety needs, nature/nurture
How can growth and development be monitored?physical:
height, weight, percentiles, head circumference, mobility
How can growth and development be monitored? psychosocial milestones (H:
E&CD e.g S, A&I B, OE
emotional, cognitive, social, physical & language development e.g able to share,
appropriate vs non-appropriate behaviours, consolability, attachment to parents
How can you effectively communicate with children? What are some factors to
consider? (H: A-AL, WBL/P e.g eye level, PT, SE, AL, GC)
age-appropriate language (laymans), welcoming body language/posture e.g same
eye level, play therapy, safe environment, active listening, gentle communication,
parent involvement
Why is it important to manage the fluid and electrolyte balance in children? (H:
(HWBR of ECF compared to ICF -% compared to % in adults), HMR uses MC,
LSA=HLOF in T,S, IK=LWE)
children dehydrate quickly (high water body ratio of ECF compared to ICF 75-
80% compared to 60% in adults), high metabolic rate uses more calories, large
SA=high loss of fluid in tears, sweating, immature kidneys=loses water easily
What is the aetiology of fluid loss? (H: D&V (common), B, H)
diarrhoea & vomiting (common), burns, haemorrhage
Discuss the three main classification of dehydration, give one example each
hypotonic= water moves into cells e.g 0.45% NaCl, 2% dextrose, isotonic= no
movement e.g 0.9% NaCl, 5% dextrose, hypertonic= water moves out of cells e.g
2.5% NaCl, 10-15% dextrose
Discuss the signs of mild dehydration in children?
,no physical signs, reduced UO, increased thirst
4. Discuss the signs of moderate dehydration in children?
lethargic, sunken eyes/fontanelle in babies, dry lips/mucous membranes
4. Discuss the signs of severe dehydration in children? (H: P, LOSE, SWL, dLOC,
high HR, ICR, low bp)
pallor, loss of skin elasticity, sudden weight loss, decreased LOC, tachycardia,
increased cap refill, hypotension
How is dehydration in children managed? in mod dehydration and severe (H:
mod= ORT, IVF, severe= IFR)
mod= oral rehydration therapy, IVF & severe= intravenous fluid resuscitation
Why is pain management important in when nursing children? (H: hospital stays,
comfort, vitals)
reduces length of hospital stays, provides comfort, stabilises vitals
1. What are the consequences of poorly managed pain in the paediatric patient?
(F/A, PTSD, IIR, WHC)
fear/anxiety, PTSD, increased infection risk, wound healing complications
Pete is a 5-year-old boy experiencing abdominal pain. Which pain assessment tool
will you use to determine his level of pain
FACES pain scale
Which pain assessment tool will you use to determine level of pain for newborns
and infants (H:NIPS)
neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS)
Which pain assessment tool will you use to determine level of pain for premature
infants (H: PIPP)
premature infant pain profile
Which pain assessment tool will you use to determine level of pain for 0-3 years
(H: FLACC)
face, leg activity, cry, consolability (FLACC)
, Which pain assessment tool will you use to determine level of pain for non-
verbal/cognitively impaired (0-18 years) (H: RFLACC)
revised faces, leg activity, cry, consolability (RFLACC)
Which pain assessment tool will you use to determine level of pain for 3-7/8 years
(H: FPS-R)
FACES pain scale revised
Which pain assessment tool will you use to determine level of pain for >8 years
(N/V analogue scale)
numerical/visual analogue scale
Discuss 3 pharmacological pain management in children (H: O, N...., A.agents e.g
cream, P, I)
opioids, NSAIDs, anaesthetic agents e.g EMLA cream, paracetamol, Ibuprofen,
morphine
Discuss 3 non-pharmacological pain management in children
massage, distractions, sucrose (for neonates)
Discuss the pre-procedure pain management you would undertake when preparing
a younger child for IV cannulation and needling or port?
use emla patch for local anaesthetic, distraction with music/movies, play therapies,
involve parents
Discuss how you will incorporate family centred care during an educational
session on post-operative pain management. (H: PM, importance of reporting, what
to look out for, P/NP A,
include parents in the education for pain management, importance of reporting
pain, what to look out for, pharmacological/non-pharmacological approaches
What are the common signs and symptoms presented by children with neurological
conditions? (H: H, P, V, Dr, Di, S, C in VA, F, MW)
headache, photophobia, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, seizures, changes in
visual acuity, fever, muscle weakness
What tools are used to assess neurological problems?
