NR 547
NR 547 Week 6 Exam Questions And
Answers Newest Solution
Delirium - ANS ✔✔ - ACUTE SUDDEN CHANGE IN MENTAL STATE
-typically begins suddenly with a noticeable start point.
-mainly affects attention, and often resolves after a few days or weeks, although it can last longer.
-acute, transient, and usually reversible brain malfunction
-thought to be brought on by multiple neurotransmitter imbalances
Delirium symptoms - ANS ✔✔ - -Cognitive Symptoms: Rambling or nonsense speech, Difficulty reading
and writing, Wandering attention, Becoming easily distracted, Becoming withdrawn,
-Psychological symptoms: Inability to focus, Reduced awareness of the environment, Disturbed sleep
-May have hallucinations
-symptoms can fluctuate throughout the day
Causes of delirium - ANS ✔✔ - -lack of oxygen
-drugs
• anticholinergics
• psychoactives
• opioids
-withdrawal
• delirium tremens
-stressful situations
1
, NR 547
-dehydration & electrolyte imbalance
Infections
Tell the difference between delirium and dementia - ANS ✔✔ - onset
Attention
Do symptoms fluctuate?
Neurocognitive disorders - ANS ✔✔ - delirium and dementia
Dementia - ANS ✔✔ - -a group of symptoms that mainly affects memory, cognition and social
interactions, and the ability to do everyday tasks.
-Symptoms start gradually often with no clear beginning, and are usually permanent.
-Most dementias are caused by neurodegenerative diseases, most commonly Alzheimer's disease, Lewy
body dementia and frontotemporal dementia
• clumps of abnormal proteins to build up inside neurons, damaging them, and causing them to slowly
degenerate and die
-vascular dementia is another common cause of progressive dementia
• brain damage occurs when the blood supply to the neurons is reduced or blocked, again causing them
to malfunction or die
-Cognitive Symptoms: Difficulty with complex tasks, Difficulty planning and organizing, Loss of
coordination
-Psychological symptoms: Personality changes, Inappropriate behaviour, Paranoia, Fear, anxiety, anger
or depression
Alzheimer's disease - ANS ✔✔ - -type of dementia
• 60-80% of dementias
-neurodegenerative disease
-Hallmarks:
• plaques - abnormal protein (beta-amyloid plaques) between neurons
• tangles - tau protein inside neurons (neurofibrillary tangles)
2
, NR 547
Alzheimer's disease brain progression - ANS ✔✔ - -Plaques & tangles usually start forming and spread
from the cortex
• earliest areas affected temporal lobe (learning & memory)
• as it spreads goes to frontal lobe (thinking & planning)
• then more temporal (speaking & communicating)
• then parietal lobe (sense of where body is in relation to objects around you)
• severe & late Alzheimer's disease, plaques & tangles spread throughout most of cortex, brain shrinks
(atrophy) dramatically (atrophy primarily affects hippocampus and cerebral cortex)
Vascular dementia - ANS ✔✔ - -20-30% of dementia cases
-lack in blood supply to the brain
-changes
• suddenly (stroke)
• gradually (small vessels)
-risk factors
• similar to heart problems
• smoking
• high BP
• no exercise
• obesity
• poor diet
Lewy body dementia - ANS ✔✔ - -10-25% of dementia cases
-abnormal protein structures forming inside neurons (lewy bodies)
• alpha synuclein protein = lewy bodies
3
NR 547 Week 6 Exam Questions And
Answers Newest Solution
Delirium - ANS ✔✔ - ACUTE SUDDEN CHANGE IN MENTAL STATE
-typically begins suddenly with a noticeable start point.
-mainly affects attention, and often resolves after a few days or weeks, although it can last longer.
-acute, transient, and usually reversible brain malfunction
-thought to be brought on by multiple neurotransmitter imbalances
Delirium symptoms - ANS ✔✔ - -Cognitive Symptoms: Rambling or nonsense speech, Difficulty reading
and writing, Wandering attention, Becoming easily distracted, Becoming withdrawn,
-Psychological symptoms: Inability to focus, Reduced awareness of the environment, Disturbed sleep
-May have hallucinations
-symptoms can fluctuate throughout the day
Causes of delirium - ANS ✔✔ - -lack of oxygen
-drugs
• anticholinergics
• psychoactives
• opioids
-withdrawal
• delirium tremens
-stressful situations
1
, NR 547
-dehydration & electrolyte imbalance
Infections
Tell the difference between delirium and dementia - ANS ✔✔ - onset
Attention
Do symptoms fluctuate?
Neurocognitive disorders - ANS ✔✔ - delirium and dementia
Dementia - ANS ✔✔ - -a group of symptoms that mainly affects memory, cognition and social
interactions, and the ability to do everyday tasks.
-Symptoms start gradually often with no clear beginning, and are usually permanent.
-Most dementias are caused by neurodegenerative diseases, most commonly Alzheimer's disease, Lewy
body dementia and frontotemporal dementia
• clumps of abnormal proteins to build up inside neurons, damaging them, and causing them to slowly
degenerate and die
-vascular dementia is another common cause of progressive dementia
• brain damage occurs when the blood supply to the neurons is reduced or blocked, again causing them
to malfunction or die
-Cognitive Symptoms: Difficulty with complex tasks, Difficulty planning and organizing, Loss of
coordination
-Psychological symptoms: Personality changes, Inappropriate behaviour, Paranoia, Fear, anxiety, anger
or depression
Alzheimer's disease - ANS ✔✔ - -type of dementia
• 60-80% of dementias
-neurodegenerative disease
-Hallmarks:
• plaques - abnormal protein (beta-amyloid plaques) between neurons
• tangles - tau protein inside neurons (neurofibrillary tangles)
2
, NR 547
Alzheimer's disease brain progression - ANS ✔✔ - -Plaques & tangles usually start forming and spread
from the cortex
• earliest areas affected temporal lobe (learning & memory)
• as it spreads goes to frontal lobe (thinking & planning)
• then more temporal (speaking & communicating)
• then parietal lobe (sense of where body is in relation to objects around you)
• severe & late Alzheimer's disease, plaques & tangles spread throughout most of cortex, brain shrinks
(atrophy) dramatically (atrophy primarily affects hippocampus and cerebral cortex)
Vascular dementia - ANS ✔✔ - -20-30% of dementia cases
-lack in blood supply to the brain
-changes
• suddenly (stroke)
• gradually (small vessels)
-risk factors
• similar to heart problems
• smoking
• high BP
• no exercise
• obesity
• poor diet
Lewy body dementia - ANS ✔✔ - -10-25% of dementia cases
-abnormal protein structures forming inside neurons (lewy bodies)
• alpha synuclein protein = lewy bodies
3
