NR507/ NR 507 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A –
Chamberlain
signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure - :answers :jugular vein distension
hepatosplenomegaly
peripheral edema
Why does hepatosplenomegaly develop in right sided heart failure - :answers :the
large volume of blood flow through the liver and spleen causes these areas to be
engorged
why does peripheral edema occur in right sided heart failure - :answers :Increased
pressure forces fluid from the systemic capillaries into the peripheral tissues and flood
those areas
High output failure - :answers :inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of
blood to meet the circulatory needs of the body despite normal blood volume and
cardiac contractility
causes of high output failure - :answers :Severe anemia
Nutritional deficiencies
Hyperthyroidism
Sepsis
Extreme febrile state
,Process of high output failure - :answers :- impaired oxygen delivery of excessive
tissue oxygen demands cause tissue hypoxia
- catecholamines initiation increase HR and stroke volume
- increased cardiac output is produced but depletes cardiac muscle reserve overtime and
leads to low output failure over time
Troponin-Calcium Binding - :answers :Calcium binds to troponin on the thin filament
sliding filament theory - :answers :theory that actin filaments slide toward each other
during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments are still
Hematopoiesis - :answers :formation of blood cells
Where does blood cell formation occur in a fetus - :answers :3 weeks - yolk
week 8 - fetal liver and spleen
5th month - bone marrow
Blood cell formation in chidren 0-5 years old - :answers :red marrow of all bones to
make blood cells
blood cell formation in adults over 20 - :answers :red marrow in large bones
-illium, vertebrae, cranium, jaw, sternum, ribs, humerus, and femur
Erythropietin - :answers :Produce: Kidney (small amount in liver)
Released: Kidney
Target: Bone Marrow
, Functions: Stimulates bone marrow to produce more red blood cells
hematopoietic stem cells - :answers :The stem cells that give rise to RBC WBC and
platelets through the process of haematopoiesis.
How does a hematopoietic stem cell produce a red blood cell - :answers
:hematopoietic stem cells produces an unndifferentiated hemocytoblast
- erythropoietin binds to it and createsa a proerythroblast
- cell develops into an erythrocyte 7 days later
Erythrocyte function - :answers :transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Erythrocyte life span - :answers :120 days
anemia risk factors - :answers :acute or chronic blood loss, increased hemolysis,
inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption, bone marrow suppression, age
function of hemoglobin - :answers :In red blood cells, carries oxygen from the lungs to
body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from tissues back to lungs. It also maintains
the shape of red blood cells.
causes of anemia - :answers :- impaired RBC production
- excessive blood loss
- increased RBC destruction
hemolytic anemia - :answers :premature destruction of RBCs
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A –
Chamberlain
signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure - :answers :jugular vein distension
hepatosplenomegaly
peripheral edema
Why does hepatosplenomegaly develop in right sided heart failure - :answers :the
large volume of blood flow through the liver and spleen causes these areas to be
engorged
why does peripheral edema occur in right sided heart failure - :answers :Increased
pressure forces fluid from the systemic capillaries into the peripheral tissues and flood
those areas
High output failure - :answers :inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of
blood to meet the circulatory needs of the body despite normal blood volume and
cardiac contractility
causes of high output failure - :answers :Severe anemia
Nutritional deficiencies
Hyperthyroidism
Sepsis
Extreme febrile state
,Process of high output failure - :answers :- impaired oxygen delivery of excessive
tissue oxygen demands cause tissue hypoxia
- catecholamines initiation increase HR and stroke volume
- increased cardiac output is produced but depletes cardiac muscle reserve overtime and
leads to low output failure over time
Troponin-Calcium Binding - :answers :Calcium binds to troponin on the thin filament
sliding filament theory - :answers :theory that actin filaments slide toward each other
during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments are still
Hematopoiesis - :answers :formation of blood cells
Where does blood cell formation occur in a fetus - :answers :3 weeks - yolk
week 8 - fetal liver and spleen
5th month - bone marrow
Blood cell formation in chidren 0-5 years old - :answers :red marrow of all bones to
make blood cells
blood cell formation in adults over 20 - :answers :red marrow in large bones
-illium, vertebrae, cranium, jaw, sternum, ribs, humerus, and femur
Erythropietin - :answers :Produce: Kidney (small amount in liver)
Released: Kidney
Target: Bone Marrow
, Functions: Stimulates bone marrow to produce more red blood cells
hematopoietic stem cells - :answers :The stem cells that give rise to RBC WBC and
platelets through the process of haematopoiesis.
How does a hematopoietic stem cell produce a red blood cell - :answers
:hematopoietic stem cells produces an unndifferentiated hemocytoblast
- erythropoietin binds to it and createsa a proerythroblast
- cell develops into an erythrocyte 7 days later
Erythrocyte function - :answers :transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Erythrocyte life span - :answers :120 days
anemia risk factors - :answers :acute or chronic blood loss, increased hemolysis,
inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption, bone marrow suppression, age
function of hemoglobin - :answers :In red blood cells, carries oxygen from the lungs to
body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from tissues back to lungs. It also maintains
the shape of red blood cells.
causes of anemia - :answers :- impaired RBC production
- excessive blood loss
- increased RBC destruction
hemolytic anemia - :answers :premature destruction of RBCs
