Cardiovascular Physiology Exam Questions
with correct answers provided
What is the intrinsic conduction system of the heart responsible for? - ✅✅It is responsible for
initiating and conducting electrical impulses that regulate heartbeats.
What is the role of the sinoatrial node in the heart? - ✅✅It acts as the pacemaker, setting the pace
for the heart with the fastest depolarization rate.
Where is the sinoatrial node located? - ✅✅In the right atrial wall.
What does the term 'sinus rhythm' refer to? - ✅✅It refers to the normal heart rhythm set by the
sinoatrial node.
What is the function of the atrioventricular node? - ✅✅It receives impulses from the sinoatrial node
and delays them by approximately 0.1 seconds before passing them to the ventricles.
Where is the atrioventricular node located? - ✅✅In the inferior portion of the interatrial septum,
above the tricuspid valve.
What are the main components of the cardiac cycle? - ✅✅The cardiac cycle includes the phases of
contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart.
What factors regulate cardiac output? - ✅✅Cardiac output is regulated by stroke volume and heart
rate.
What is stroke volume? - ✅✅The amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat.
What are the two main circuits of blood flow in the cardiovascular system? - ✅✅The pulmonary
circuit and the systemic circuit.
, Describe the pathway of blood through the pulmonary circuit. - ✅✅Right atrium → tricuspid valve →
right ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lung
capillaries → pulmonary veins → left atrium.
What is the function of the circumflex artery? - ✅✅It supplies blood to the left atrium and the lateral
wall of the left ventricle.
What is the significance of the cardiac output homeostatic imbalance? - ✅✅It refers to conditions
where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to various cardiovascular
pathologies.
What are some common cardiovascular pathologies? - ✅✅Examples include hypertension, heart
failure, and coronary artery disease.
What is electrocardiography used for? - ✅✅It is used to measure the electrical activity of the heart
and diagnose various heart conditions.
What is the total time between SA node activation and the depolarization of the last ventricular muscle
cell in a healthy human heart? - ✅✅0.22 seconds
What is the function of the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)? - ✅✅It is the only electrical
connection between the atria and ventricles.
Where is the atrioventricular bundle located? - ✅✅In the superior part of the interventricular
septum.
What do the bundle branches do? - ✅✅They split into left and right pathways and run along the
interventricular septum toward the heart apex.
What are Purkinje fibers and where are they located? - ✅✅They are long strands of barrel-shaped
cells with few myofibrils, penetrating the heart apex and ventricular walls.
with correct answers provided
What is the intrinsic conduction system of the heart responsible for? - ✅✅It is responsible for
initiating and conducting electrical impulses that regulate heartbeats.
What is the role of the sinoatrial node in the heart? - ✅✅It acts as the pacemaker, setting the pace
for the heart with the fastest depolarization rate.
Where is the sinoatrial node located? - ✅✅In the right atrial wall.
What does the term 'sinus rhythm' refer to? - ✅✅It refers to the normal heart rhythm set by the
sinoatrial node.
What is the function of the atrioventricular node? - ✅✅It receives impulses from the sinoatrial node
and delays them by approximately 0.1 seconds before passing them to the ventricles.
Where is the atrioventricular node located? - ✅✅In the inferior portion of the interatrial septum,
above the tricuspid valve.
What are the main components of the cardiac cycle? - ✅✅The cardiac cycle includes the phases of
contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart.
What factors regulate cardiac output? - ✅✅Cardiac output is regulated by stroke volume and heart
rate.
What is stroke volume? - ✅✅The amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat.
What are the two main circuits of blood flow in the cardiovascular system? - ✅✅The pulmonary
circuit and the systemic circuit.
, Describe the pathway of blood through the pulmonary circuit. - ✅✅Right atrium → tricuspid valve →
right ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lung
capillaries → pulmonary veins → left atrium.
What is the function of the circumflex artery? - ✅✅It supplies blood to the left atrium and the lateral
wall of the left ventricle.
What is the significance of the cardiac output homeostatic imbalance? - ✅✅It refers to conditions
where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to various cardiovascular
pathologies.
What are some common cardiovascular pathologies? - ✅✅Examples include hypertension, heart
failure, and coronary artery disease.
What is electrocardiography used for? - ✅✅It is used to measure the electrical activity of the heart
and diagnose various heart conditions.
What is the total time between SA node activation and the depolarization of the last ventricular muscle
cell in a healthy human heart? - ✅✅0.22 seconds
What is the function of the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)? - ✅✅It is the only electrical
connection between the atria and ventricles.
Where is the atrioventricular bundle located? - ✅✅In the superior part of the interventricular
septum.
What do the bundle branches do? - ✅✅They split into left and right pathways and run along the
interventricular septum toward the heart apex.
What are Purkinje fibers and where are they located? - ✅✅They are long strands of barrel-shaped
cells with few myofibrils, penetrating the heart apex and ventricular walls.
