PSYC 255 Quiz 5 LUO - Question and Answers

While conducting her within subjects design, Geraldine notices that participants are failing to fully complete the last level of the independent variable. Specifically, subjects are leaving questions blank and do not appear to be placing as much effort into the study as they were in the first level of the independent variable. Geraldine is seeing what disadvantage to using a within subjects design? 2. Which of the following statements regarding a between subjects design is correct? 3. Conner is conducting a within subjects design with four levels to his independent variable. Conner has ¼ of the participants complete each level in ABCD order, a ¼ of participants in BCDA order, a ¼ of participants in CDAB order, and a ¼ of participants in DABC order. What is Conner using to limit order effects? 4. What kind of study uses a methodology in which participants are matched on a particular characteristic before being assigned to the different levels of the independent variable? 5. Suppose we used a between subjects design to see if caffeine influenced levels of alertness. We had three groups of participants: participants who received 8 ounces of a caffeinated beverage, participants who received 24 ounces of a caffeinated beverage, and participants who received no caffeine. If this was a between subjects design with 30 total participants, how many participants would be in each condition? 6. You want to replicate Barlett et al.’s research on amount of blood in a video game and measures of aggression. Your independent variable has 4 levels: maximum blood, medium blood, low blood, and no blood. You want to conduct a between subjects design. How many total participants will you need if you want 10 participants in each level of the IV? 7. Janiszewski and Uy (2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios. All 43 participants each read all 10 scenarios. In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants. Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point (anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario (adjustment). This is an example of what type of design? 8. We discussed a study known as the Stroop effect. Stroop developed 3 types of stimuli for his study. Each type of stimuli presented a different task that participants had to complete. Stroop then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete each task. What is the dependent variable in this study? 9. Katie is conducting a within subjects design. Her independent variable has 2 levels that must occur 1 week apart. In the first session during the first week, Katie has 120 participants. However, a week later when the second session occurs, Katie only has 85 participants show up for the study. What disadvantage to within subject designs is Katie encountering? 10. Carefully review the research matrix presented below. If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment? 11. Which of the following statements regarding a within subjects design is correct? 12. Carefully review the research matrix presented below. If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment? 13. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing. During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi. Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting. The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting. What is the independent variable in this study? 14. Which of the following is an advantage to a between subjects design? 15. Dr. Roberts with the Mayo Clinic conducted a study on individuals between the ages of 70–89 and found differences in men and women. In this example, gender of participant was the __________. 16. _________ occurs when the effects of a prior condition influence subsequent treatment conditions. 17. The degree of spread among data when surrounding the mean is known as __________. 18. Janiszewski and Uy (2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios. In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants. Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point (anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario (adjustment). How many levels are there for the independent variable in this study? 19. Carefully review the research matrix presented below. If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment? 20. To combat order effects that may occur with a within subjects design, many researchers will use _____________. 21. Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games. The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music. The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music. How many levels are there to the independent variable in this study? 22. April has 4 levels to her independent variable. She has participants in her study complete part A, followed by B, C, and then D. When she analyzes her data, she notices that level D is always different from the rest of the levels. April is most likely encountering what effect? 23. A research matrix is __________. 24. You want to replicate Barlett et al.’s research on action figures and negative body image in young adult males. Your independent variable has three levels: no action figures, highly muscular figures, and moderately muscular figures. You want to conduct a between subjects design. How many total participants will you need if you want 10 participants in each level of the IV? 25. Participants experiencing the same order of presentation of the levels of the independent variable can lead to __________. 26. A _____________ design exposes participants to all levels or conditions of the independent variable. 27. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing. During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi. Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting. The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting. This is an example of what type of research design? 28. A participant dropping out of a study or not returning to complete additional parts to a study is known as __________. 29. William the researcher conducted a study on monitor size and reaction time. The research matrix is given below. 30. A within subject design will use _____________ participants than/as a between subjects design.