Klesath BIO 245 Blood vessels Test 2 Questions and answers latest update

• Aneurysm - CORRECT ANSWER-part of arterial wall thins and balloons out making the wall prone to rupture • Athersclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER-"Hardening" of the arteries (elastic and muscular) results from plaques which thicken the interior walls and narrow the lumen • Myogenic response - CORRECT ANSWER-smooth muscle in artery/arteriole wall responds to changes in blood pressure to keep local flow relatively constant • Vasoconstriction - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased MP • Vasodilation - CORRECT ANSWER-decreased BP • Vasodilators - CORRECT ANSWER-dilate arterioles and relax precapillary sphincters -increase flow into capillary beds -increase in carbon dioxide, body temperature, nitric oxide, ADP • Vasoconstrictors - CORRECT ANSWER-constrict arterioles and cause contraction of precapillary sphincters -decrease flow into capillary beds -increase in oxygen, sympathetic tone, Angiotensin II, ADH • Blood Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-is the force of blood against vessel wall • Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - CORRECT ANSWER-is the average arterial blood pressure across the entire cardiac cycle in which the diastole lasts longer =diastolic pressure +1/3 pulse pressure • Blood pressure gradient - CORRECT ANSWER-change in pressure from one end of vessel to other • Systolic - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when the ventricles contract • Diastolic - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when the ventricles relax (120/80)• Pulse Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-equals the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure • Varicose Veins - CORRECT ANSWER-The vein valves become insufficient to block the backflow of blood resulting in the pooling of blood in this region and increased pressure/stretching of vein structure • Total cross-sectional area - CORRECT ANSWER-is sum of diameters of all vessels of a certain type -the cross-sectional areas of capillaries is largest because there are so many capillaries • Blood flow velocity - CORRECT ANSWER-is inversely related to total crosssectional area -blood flow is slow in capillaries, allowing the exchange between blood and tissue fluid • Capillary Beds - CORRECT ANSWER--fed by metarteriole and drained by postcapillary venule -Precapillary sphincter -True capillaries -Vasomotion • thoroughfare channel - CORRECT ANSWER-distal part of metarteriole, with no smooth muscle cells • Metarteriole - CORRECT ANSWER-A vessel branch of an arteriole that feeds a capillary bed • Precapillary - CORRECT ANSWER-smooth muscle ring at true capillary origin controlling blood flow through the capillary bed • True Capillaries - CORRECT ANSWER-branch from thoroughfare channel make up most of capillary bed • Vasomotion - CORRECT ANSWER-cycle of contracting and relaxing of precapillary sphincters • Perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER-amount of blood entering capillaries per unit time per g