Chapter 11, The muscular system
Question 1:
An injury to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle would impair which two
movements?
Correct Answer:
Injury to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle would im-pair your ability to flex and
adduct the wrist.
Question 2:
What does the name flexor carpi radialis longus tell you about this
muscle?
Correct Answer:
The name flexor carpi radialis longus tells you that this muscle is a long
muscle (longus) that lies next to the radius (radialis) and flexes (flexor) the
wrist (carpi).
Question 3:
List the four fascicle organizations that produce the different patterns of
skeletal muscles.
Correct Answer:
The four fascicle organiza-tions are (1) parallel, (2) convergent, (3) pennate,
and (4) circular.
Question 4:
Levers make muscle action more versatile by all of the following
Correct Answer:
changing the speed of movement produced by an applied force, changing
the distance of movement produced by an applied force, changing the
strength of an applied force, changing the direction of an applied force.
Question 5:
,Identify the kinds of descriptive information used to name skeletal
muscles.
Correct Answer:
Names of skeletal muscles are based on several factors, including location in
the body, origin and insertion, fascicle organization, relative position,
structural characteristics, and action. Names may also reflect the muscle
shape, number of origins, and size.
Question 6:
Why is it difficult to lift a heavy object when the elbow is at full
extension?
Correct Answer:
Lifting heavy objects becomes easier as the elbow approaches a 90° angle.
As you increase the angle at or near full extension, tension production
decreases, so movement becomes more difficult.
Question 7:
Why can swallowing help alleviate the pressure sensations at the
eardrum when you are in an airplane that is changing altitude?
Correct Answer:
Swallowing involves contractions of the palatal muscles, which elevate the
soft palate as well as portions of the superior pharyngeal wall. Elevation of
the superior portion of the pharynx enlarges the opening to the auditory tube,
permitting airflow to the middle ear and the inside of the eardrum. Making
this opening larger by swallowing facilitates airflow into or out of the middle
ear cavity.
Question 8:
Why can a pennate muscle generate more tension than can a parallel
muscle of the same size?
Correct Answer:
A pennate muscle contains more muscle fibers, and thus more myofibrils and
sarcomeres, than does a parallel muscle of the same size, resulting in a
contraction that generates more tension.
,Question 9:
On which bones do the four rotator cuff muscles originate and insert?
Correct Answer:
The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor originate on the posterior
body of the scapula, and the subscapularis originates on the anterior body of
the scapula. All four muscles insert on the humerus.
Question 10:
Shrugging your shoulders uses which muscles?
Correct Answer:
When you shrug your shoulders, you are contracting your levator scapulae
muscles.
Question 11:
Which types of movements are affected when the hamstrings are
injured?
Correct Answer:
When the hamstrings are injured, flexion at the knee and extension at the hip
are affected.
Question 12:
Mary's newborn is having trouble suckling. The doctor suggests that it
may be a problem with a particular muscle. What muscle is the doctor
probably referring to?
Correct Answer:
buccinator
Question 13:
If someone hit you in your rectus abdominis muscle, how would your
body position change?
Correct Answer:
A hit in the rectus abdominis muscle would cause that muscle to contract
forcefully, resulting in flexion of the vertebral column. In other words, you
would "double over."
, Question 14:
What three functional groups make up the muscles of the lower limbs?
Correct Answer:
The functional muscle groups in the lower limbs are (1) muscles that move
the thigh, (2) muscles that move the leg, and (3) muscles that move the foot
and toes.
Question 15:
What three functions are accomplished by the muscles of the pelvic
floor?
Correct Answer:
The muscles of the pelvic floor (1) support the organs of the pelvic cavity, (2)
flex joints of the sacrum and coccyx, and (3) control movement of materials
through the urethra and anus.
Question 16:
Of the following actions, the one that illustrates that of a second-class
lever is
Correct Answer:
ankle extension (plantar flexion)
Question 17:
A(n) ___________ develops when an organ protrudes through an
abnormal opening.
Correct Answer:
Hernia
Question 18:
Compartment syndrome can result from all of the following
Correct Answer:
compartments swelling with blood due to an injury involving blood vessels,
torn ligaments in a given compartment, pulled tendons in the muscles of a
given compartment, torn muscles in a particular compartment.
Question 1:
An injury to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle would impair which two
movements?
Correct Answer:
Injury to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle would im-pair your ability to flex and
adduct the wrist.
Question 2:
What does the name flexor carpi radialis longus tell you about this
muscle?
Correct Answer:
The name flexor carpi radialis longus tells you that this muscle is a long
muscle (longus) that lies next to the radius (radialis) and flexes (flexor) the
wrist (carpi).
Question 3:
List the four fascicle organizations that produce the different patterns of
skeletal muscles.
Correct Answer:
The four fascicle organiza-tions are (1) parallel, (2) convergent, (3) pennate,
and (4) circular.
Question 4:
Levers make muscle action more versatile by all of the following
Correct Answer:
changing the speed of movement produced by an applied force, changing
the distance of movement produced by an applied force, changing the
strength of an applied force, changing the direction of an applied force.
Question 5:
,Identify the kinds of descriptive information used to name skeletal
muscles.
Correct Answer:
Names of skeletal muscles are based on several factors, including location in
the body, origin and insertion, fascicle organization, relative position,
structural characteristics, and action. Names may also reflect the muscle
shape, number of origins, and size.
Question 6:
Why is it difficult to lift a heavy object when the elbow is at full
extension?
Correct Answer:
Lifting heavy objects becomes easier as the elbow approaches a 90° angle.
As you increase the angle at or near full extension, tension production
decreases, so movement becomes more difficult.
Question 7:
Why can swallowing help alleviate the pressure sensations at the
eardrum when you are in an airplane that is changing altitude?
Correct Answer:
Swallowing involves contractions of the palatal muscles, which elevate the
soft palate as well as portions of the superior pharyngeal wall. Elevation of
the superior portion of the pharynx enlarges the opening to the auditory tube,
permitting airflow to the middle ear and the inside of the eardrum. Making
this opening larger by swallowing facilitates airflow into or out of the middle
ear cavity.
Question 8:
Why can a pennate muscle generate more tension than can a parallel
muscle of the same size?
Correct Answer:
A pennate muscle contains more muscle fibers, and thus more myofibrils and
sarcomeres, than does a parallel muscle of the same size, resulting in a
contraction that generates more tension.
,Question 9:
On which bones do the four rotator cuff muscles originate and insert?
Correct Answer:
The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor originate on the posterior
body of the scapula, and the subscapularis originates on the anterior body of
the scapula. All four muscles insert on the humerus.
Question 10:
Shrugging your shoulders uses which muscles?
Correct Answer:
When you shrug your shoulders, you are contracting your levator scapulae
muscles.
Question 11:
Which types of movements are affected when the hamstrings are
injured?
Correct Answer:
When the hamstrings are injured, flexion at the knee and extension at the hip
are affected.
Question 12:
Mary's newborn is having trouble suckling. The doctor suggests that it
may be a problem with a particular muscle. What muscle is the doctor
probably referring to?
Correct Answer:
buccinator
Question 13:
If someone hit you in your rectus abdominis muscle, how would your
body position change?
Correct Answer:
A hit in the rectus abdominis muscle would cause that muscle to contract
forcefully, resulting in flexion of the vertebral column. In other words, you
would "double over."
, Question 14:
What three functional groups make up the muscles of the lower limbs?
Correct Answer:
The functional muscle groups in the lower limbs are (1) muscles that move
the thigh, (2) muscles that move the leg, and (3) muscles that move the foot
and toes.
Question 15:
What three functions are accomplished by the muscles of the pelvic
floor?
Correct Answer:
The muscles of the pelvic floor (1) support the organs of the pelvic cavity, (2)
flex joints of the sacrum and coccyx, and (3) control movement of materials
through the urethra and anus.
Question 16:
Of the following actions, the one that illustrates that of a second-class
lever is
Correct Answer:
ankle extension (plantar flexion)
Question 17:
A(n) ___________ develops when an organ protrudes through an
abnormal opening.
Correct Answer:
Hernia
Question 18:
Compartment syndrome can result from all of the following
Correct Answer:
compartments swelling with blood due to an injury involving blood vessels,
torn ligaments in a given compartment, pulled tendons in the muscles of a
given compartment, torn muscles in a particular compartment.
