NSG530 / NSG 530 Exam 2 (Latest 2025 /
2026): Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions
and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade
A - Wilkes
Digoxin levels need to be monitored closely when the following medication is
started:
1. Loratadine
2. Diphenhydramine
3. Ipratropium
4. Albuterol - ANSWER Albuterol
Patients with pheochromocytoma should avoid which of the following classes of
drugs because of the possibility of developing hypertensive crisis?
1. Expectorants
2. Beta-2-agonists
3. Antitussives
4. Antihistamines - ANSWER Beta-2-agonists
Harold, a 42-year-old African American, has moderate persistent asthma. Which of
the following asthma medications should be used cautiously, if at all?
1. Betamethasone, an inhaled corticosteroid
2. Salmeterol, an inhaled long-acting beta-agonist
3. Albuterol, a short-acting beta-agonist
4. Montelukast, a leukotriene modifier - ANSWER Salmeterol, an
inhaled long-acting beta-agonist
Long-acting beta-agonists (LTBAs) received a Black Box Warning from the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration due to the:
,1. Risk of life-threatening dermatological reactions
2. Increased incidence of cardiac events when LTBAs are used
3. Increased risk of asthma-related deaths when LTBAs are used
4. Risk for life-threatening alterations in electrolytes - ANSWER
Increased risk of asthma-related deaths when LTBAs are used
The bronchodilator of choice for patients taking propranolol is:
1. Albuterol
2. Pirbuterol
3. Formoterol
4. Ipratropium - ANSWER Ipratropium
James is a 52-year-old overweight smoker taking theophylline for his persistent
asthma. He tells his provider he is going to start the Atkin's diet for weight loss.
The appropriate response would be:
1. Congratulate him on making a positive change in his life.
2. Recommend he try stopping smoking instead of the Atkin's diet.
3. Schedule him for regular testing of serum theophylline levels during his diet due
to increased excretion of theophylline.
4. Decrease his theophylline dose because a high-protein diet may lead to elevated
theophylline levels. - ANSWER Recommend he try stopping smoking
instead of the Atkin's diet.
Li takes theophylline for his persistent asthma and calls the office with a complaint
of nausea, vomiting, and headache. The best advice for him would be to:
1. Reassure him this is probably a viral infection and should be better soon
2. Have him seen the same day for an assessment and theophylline level
3. Schedule him for an appointment in 2 to 3 days, which he can cancel if he is
better
4. Order a theophylline level at the laboratory for him - ANSWER
Schedule him for an appointment in 2 to 3 days, which he can cancel if he is better
, Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva) is an inhaled anticholinergic:
1. Used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
2. Used in the treatment of asthma
3. Combined with albuterol for treatment of asthma exacerbations
4. Combined with fluticasone for the treatment of persistent asthma -
ANSWER Used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
Christy has exercise-induced and mild persistent asthma and is prescribed two
puffs of albuterol 15 minutes before exercise and as needed for wheezing. One puff
per day of beclomethasone (QVAR) is also prescribed. Teaching regarding her
inhalers includes:
1. Use one to two puffs of albuterol per day to prevent an attack with no more than
eight puffs per day
2. Beclomethasone needs to be used every day to treat her asthma
3. Report any systemic side effects she is experiencing, such as weight gain
4. Use the albuterol metered-dose inhaler (MDI) immediately after her
corticosteroid MDI to facilitate bronchodilation - ANSWER
Beclomethasone needs to be used every day to treat her asthma
When prescribing montelukast (Singulair) for asthma, patients or parents of
patients should be instructed:
1. Montelukast twice a day is started when there is an asthma exacerbation
.2. Patients may experience weight gain on montelukast.
3. Aggression, anxiety, depression, and/or suicidal thoughts may occur when
taking montelukast.
4. Lethargy and hypersomnia may occur when taking montelukast. -
ANSWER Aggression, anxiety, depression, and/or suicidal thoughts may
occur when taking montelukast.
Montelukast (Singulair) may be prescribed for:
1. A 6-year-old child with exercise-induced asthma
2. A 2-year-old child with moderate persistent asthma
3. An 18-month-old child with seasonal allergic rhinitis
2026): Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions
and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade
A - Wilkes
Digoxin levels need to be monitored closely when the following medication is
started:
1. Loratadine
2. Diphenhydramine
3. Ipratropium
4. Albuterol - ANSWER Albuterol
Patients with pheochromocytoma should avoid which of the following classes of
drugs because of the possibility of developing hypertensive crisis?
1. Expectorants
2. Beta-2-agonists
3. Antitussives
4. Antihistamines - ANSWER Beta-2-agonists
Harold, a 42-year-old African American, has moderate persistent asthma. Which of
the following asthma medications should be used cautiously, if at all?
1. Betamethasone, an inhaled corticosteroid
2. Salmeterol, an inhaled long-acting beta-agonist
3. Albuterol, a short-acting beta-agonist
4. Montelukast, a leukotriene modifier - ANSWER Salmeterol, an
inhaled long-acting beta-agonist
Long-acting beta-agonists (LTBAs) received a Black Box Warning from the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration due to the:
,1. Risk of life-threatening dermatological reactions
2. Increased incidence of cardiac events when LTBAs are used
3. Increased risk of asthma-related deaths when LTBAs are used
4. Risk for life-threatening alterations in electrolytes - ANSWER
Increased risk of asthma-related deaths when LTBAs are used
The bronchodilator of choice for patients taking propranolol is:
1. Albuterol
2. Pirbuterol
3. Formoterol
4. Ipratropium - ANSWER Ipratropium
James is a 52-year-old overweight smoker taking theophylline for his persistent
asthma. He tells his provider he is going to start the Atkin's diet for weight loss.
The appropriate response would be:
1. Congratulate him on making a positive change in his life.
2. Recommend he try stopping smoking instead of the Atkin's diet.
3. Schedule him for regular testing of serum theophylline levels during his diet due
to increased excretion of theophylline.
4. Decrease his theophylline dose because a high-protein diet may lead to elevated
theophylline levels. - ANSWER Recommend he try stopping smoking
instead of the Atkin's diet.
Li takes theophylline for his persistent asthma and calls the office with a complaint
of nausea, vomiting, and headache. The best advice for him would be to:
1. Reassure him this is probably a viral infection and should be better soon
2. Have him seen the same day for an assessment and theophylline level
3. Schedule him for an appointment in 2 to 3 days, which he can cancel if he is
better
4. Order a theophylline level at the laboratory for him - ANSWER
Schedule him for an appointment in 2 to 3 days, which he can cancel if he is better
, Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva) is an inhaled anticholinergic:
1. Used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
2. Used in the treatment of asthma
3. Combined with albuterol for treatment of asthma exacerbations
4. Combined with fluticasone for the treatment of persistent asthma -
ANSWER Used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
Christy has exercise-induced and mild persistent asthma and is prescribed two
puffs of albuterol 15 minutes before exercise and as needed for wheezing. One puff
per day of beclomethasone (QVAR) is also prescribed. Teaching regarding her
inhalers includes:
1. Use one to two puffs of albuterol per day to prevent an attack with no more than
eight puffs per day
2. Beclomethasone needs to be used every day to treat her asthma
3. Report any systemic side effects she is experiencing, such as weight gain
4. Use the albuterol metered-dose inhaler (MDI) immediately after her
corticosteroid MDI to facilitate bronchodilation - ANSWER
Beclomethasone needs to be used every day to treat her asthma
When prescribing montelukast (Singulair) for asthma, patients or parents of
patients should be instructed:
1. Montelukast twice a day is started when there is an asthma exacerbation
.2. Patients may experience weight gain on montelukast.
3. Aggression, anxiety, depression, and/or suicidal thoughts may occur when
taking montelukast.
4. Lethargy and hypersomnia may occur when taking montelukast. -
ANSWER Aggression, anxiety, depression, and/or suicidal thoughts may
occur when taking montelukast.
Montelukast (Singulair) may be prescribed for:
1. A 6-year-old child with exercise-induced asthma
2. A 2-year-old child with moderate persistent asthma
3. An 18-month-old child with seasonal allergic rhinitis
