PSY 210 NJIT Exam 1 with correct detailed
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answers
Structuralism |- |✔✔- |Understanding |the |conscious |experience |through |introspection
- |Emphasis |on |the |importance |of |systematic |observation |to |understand |behavior
Functionalism |- |✔✔- |Understanding |the |adaptive |functions |of |our |mental |activities, |feelings, |
behaviors
- |Behavior |is |used |for |survival
Psychoanalytic |theory |- |✔✔- |Understanding |the |role |of |the |unconscious |in |affecting |conscious |
behavior
- |Much |of |mental |processes |goes |on |outside |of |conscious |awareness
Getalt |psychology |- |✔✔- |The |whole |is |greater |than |the |sum |of |its |parts
- |Understanding |sensory |experience |as |a |whole
Behaviorism |- |✔✔- |Focus |on |observing |and |controlling |behavior
- |Famous |figures: |Ivan |Pavlov, |B.F. |Skinner
Humanism |- |✔✔- |Potential |for |good |innate |to |all |humans
- |Client-centered |therapy |method
Cognitive |Revolution |- |✔✔- |Understanding |the |role |of |mental |processes |on |behavior
- |Research |areas |- |language, |problem |solving, |concept |formation, |intelligence, |memory, |
psychotherapy
inductive |reasoning |- |✔✔reasoning |from |detailed |facts |-> |general |principles/theory
, deductive |reasoning |- |✔✔Reasoning |from |a |theory/principle |-> |prediction/statement
Randomized |Controlled |Trial |(RCT) |- |✔✔- |Control |condition |is |present
- |Participants |reandomly |allocated |to |conditions
classical |conditioning |- |✔✔A |type |of |learning |where |two |stimuli |are |repeatedly |paired. |Such |that |a |
response |from |the |second |stimulus |is |eventually |produced |by |the |first |stimulus |alone.
- |Developed |by |Ivan |Pavlov
operant |conditioning |- |✔✔A |type |of |reinforcement-based |learning |where |desirable |behavior |is |
rewarded |and |undesirable |behavior |is |punished, |resulting |in |the |learning |of |the |desired |behavior.
- |Developed |by |B.F. |Skinner
Correlation |- |✔✔relationship |between |2 |or |more |variables
Correlation |coefficient |- |✔✔- |number |between |+1/-1 |usually |represented |by |r
- |Indicates |strength |of |correlation
- |0 |is |the |weakest |correlation
cause-and-effect |relationship |- |✔✔- |changes |in |one |variable |cause |the |changes |in |the |other |variable
- |can |be |determined |only |through |an |experimental |research |design
illusory |correlation |- |✔✔seeing |relationships |between |two |things |when |in |reality |no |such |relationship
|exists
confirmation |bias |- |✔✔tendency |to |ignore |evidence |that |contradicts |our |beliefs |and |latch |on |to |
evidence |that |might |seem |to |support |preconceived |beliefs
experimental |group |- |✔✔Independent |variable |is |manipulated |in |this |group
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answers
Structuralism |- |✔✔- |Understanding |the |conscious |experience |through |introspection
- |Emphasis |on |the |importance |of |systematic |observation |to |understand |behavior
Functionalism |- |✔✔- |Understanding |the |adaptive |functions |of |our |mental |activities, |feelings, |
behaviors
- |Behavior |is |used |for |survival
Psychoanalytic |theory |- |✔✔- |Understanding |the |role |of |the |unconscious |in |affecting |conscious |
behavior
- |Much |of |mental |processes |goes |on |outside |of |conscious |awareness
Getalt |psychology |- |✔✔- |The |whole |is |greater |than |the |sum |of |its |parts
- |Understanding |sensory |experience |as |a |whole
Behaviorism |- |✔✔- |Focus |on |observing |and |controlling |behavior
- |Famous |figures: |Ivan |Pavlov, |B.F. |Skinner
Humanism |- |✔✔- |Potential |for |good |innate |to |all |humans
- |Client-centered |therapy |method
Cognitive |Revolution |- |✔✔- |Understanding |the |role |of |mental |processes |on |behavior
- |Research |areas |- |language, |problem |solving, |concept |formation, |intelligence, |memory, |
psychotherapy
inductive |reasoning |- |✔✔reasoning |from |detailed |facts |-> |general |principles/theory
, deductive |reasoning |- |✔✔Reasoning |from |a |theory/principle |-> |prediction/statement
Randomized |Controlled |Trial |(RCT) |- |✔✔- |Control |condition |is |present
- |Participants |reandomly |allocated |to |conditions
classical |conditioning |- |✔✔A |type |of |learning |where |two |stimuli |are |repeatedly |paired. |Such |that |a |
response |from |the |second |stimulus |is |eventually |produced |by |the |first |stimulus |alone.
- |Developed |by |Ivan |Pavlov
operant |conditioning |- |✔✔A |type |of |reinforcement-based |learning |where |desirable |behavior |is |
rewarded |and |undesirable |behavior |is |punished, |resulting |in |the |learning |of |the |desired |behavior.
- |Developed |by |B.F. |Skinner
Correlation |- |✔✔relationship |between |2 |or |more |variables
Correlation |coefficient |- |✔✔- |number |between |+1/-1 |usually |represented |by |r
- |Indicates |strength |of |correlation
- |0 |is |the |weakest |correlation
cause-and-effect |relationship |- |✔✔- |changes |in |one |variable |cause |the |changes |in |the |other |variable
- |can |be |determined |only |through |an |experimental |research |design
illusory |correlation |- |✔✔seeing |relationships |between |two |things |when |in |reality |no |such |relationship
|exists
confirmation |bias |- |✔✔tendency |to |ignore |evidence |that |contradicts |our |beliefs |and |latch |on |to |
evidence |that |might |seem |to |support |preconceived |beliefs
experimental |group |- |✔✔Independent |variable |is |manipulated |in |this |group
