Pharmacology
Standard Lab Values:
- Sodium (NA): 135-145 [“odd numbers are 1-3-5”] - WBC’s: 5,000-10,000 [“Wanna Buy a Car for 5,000 to
- Potassium (K+): 3.5-5 [“3-5 bananas in a bunch”] 10,000”]
- BUN: 10-20 [“10-20$ for a hamburger BUN”] - Liver function tests (LFT):
- Creatinine: 0.5-1.5 [“0.5-1.5 is the rating for an ugly Ø AST: 5-40 units/L
creature”] Ø ALT 8-20 units/L
- Glucose: 70-105 [“Glucose is energy & energy is low at Ø ALP 30-120 units/L
70-105 years old”] (HbA1C: 4-6%)
Insulin
ONSET PEAK DURATION
RAPID-ACTING: 15 mins 1 to 2 hours 3 to 4 hours
Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine
SHORT-ACTING: 30 to 60 mins 2 to 4 hours 5 to 7 hours
Regular (can give IV)
INTERMEDIATE: 2 to 4 hours 4 to 10 hours 10 to 16 hours
NPH (cloudy solution)
LONG-ACTING: 3 to 4 hours NONE 24 hours
Glargine
Detemir
, Pharmacology
ANALGESICS
Drug Class Drugs Action Adverse Effects Interactions Contradictions
Opioid Agonist - Codeine Sulfate: for Bind to opioid pain Ø Resp. depression Ø Alcohol Ø Severe Asthma
mild-moderate receptor; analgesic Ø Nausea and vomiting Ø Antihistamines Ø Known drug
pain/cough suppressant response (reduction Ø Urinary retention Ø Barbiturates allergy
- Morphine: of pain sensation) Ø Diaphoresis and Ø Benzodiazepines
- Fentanyl: balance flushing Ø Monoamine oxidase
anesthesia Ø Pupil constriction inhibitors
- Hydromorphone: 7x (miosis)
stronger than morphine Ø Constipation
- Methadone: for addiction Ø Itching
- Meperidine: not given to
elderly
Opioid - Naloxone Reverse the effects Ø Anxiety/Irritable
Antagonist - Naltrexone of opioids Ø Chills/hot flashes
(given for Ø Joint pain
overdose) Ø Lacrimation
Ø Rhinorrhea
Ø Diaphoresis
Ø Nausea/vomit
Ø Cramps/diarrhea
Ø Confusion
Non-Opioid - Acetaminophen Blocks pain Ø Hepatotoxicity Ø Drug allergy Ø Severe liver
Analgesics (Tylenol) impulses **Antidote= Acetylcysteine** Ø Liver dysfunctions disease
*Adult dose/day= 3000 mg/day peripherally by Ø Possible liver failure Ø Severe hepatic
*Older adult dose/day = 2000 inhibiting Ø G6PD deficiency impairment
mg/day prostaglandin
synthesis
Standard Lab Values:
- Sodium (NA): 135-145 [“odd numbers are 1-3-5”] - WBC’s: 5,000-10,000 [“Wanna Buy a Car for 5,000 to
- Potassium (K+): 3.5-5 [“3-5 bananas in a bunch”] 10,000”]
- BUN: 10-20 [“10-20$ for a hamburger BUN”] - Liver function tests (LFT):
- Creatinine: 0.5-1.5 [“0.5-1.5 is the rating for an ugly Ø AST: 5-40 units/L
creature”] Ø ALT 8-20 units/L
- Glucose: 70-105 [“Glucose is energy & energy is low at Ø ALP 30-120 units/L
70-105 years old”] (HbA1C: 4-6%)
Insulin
ONSET PEAK DURATION
RAPID-ACTING: 15 mins 1 to 2 hours 3 to 4 hours
Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine
SHORT-ACTING: 30 to 60 mins 2 to 4 hours 5 to 7 hours
Regular (can give IV)
INTERMEDIATE: 2 to 4 hours 4 to 10 hours 10 to 16 hours
NPH (cloudy solution)
LONG-ACTING: 3 to 4 hours NONE 24 hours
Glargine
Detemir
, Pharmacology
ANALGESICS
Drug Class Drugs Action Adverse Effects Interactions Contradictions
Opioid Agonist - Codeine Sulfate: for Bind to opioid pain Ø Resp. depression Ø Alcohol Ø Severe Asthma
mild-moderate receptor; analgesic Ø Nausea and vomiting Ø Antihistamines Ø Known drug
pain/cough suppressant response (reduction Ø Urinary retention Ø Barbiturates allergy
- Morphine: of pain sensation) Ø Diaphoresis and Ø Benzodiazepines
- Fentanyl: balance flushing Ø Monoamine oxidase
anesthesia Ø Pupil constriction inhibitors
- Hydromorphone: 7x (miosis)
stronger than morphine Ø Constipation
- Methadone: for addiction Ø Itching
- Meperidine: not given to
elderly
Opioid - Naloxone Reverse the effects Ø Anxiety/Irritable
Antagonist - Naltrexone of opioids Ø Chills/hot flashes
(given for Ø Joint pain
overdose) Ø Lacrimation
Ø Rhinorrhea
Ø Diaphoresis
Ø Nausea/vomit
Ø Cramps/diarrhea
Ø Confusion
Non-Opioid - Acetaminophen Blocks pain Ø Hepatotoxicity Ø Drug allergy Ø Severe liver
Analgesics (Tylenol) impulses **Antidote= Acetylcysteine** Ø Liver dysfunctions disease
*Adult dose/day= 3000 mg/day peripherally by Ø Possible liver failure Ø Severe hepatic
*Older adult dose/day = 2000 inhibiting Ø G6PD deficiency impairment
mg/day prostaglandin
synthesis
