SCRN Study Guide 2025 Questions and
Answers
anoxia - --Answer --total depletion in the level of O2 although there is
adequate blood flow
hypoxia - --Answer --decrease in O2 levels despite adequate blood flow
necrotic pathway - --Answer --cell energy failure and rapid cytoskeletal
breakdown
apoptotic pathway - --Answer --programmed cell death
primary brain injury - --Answer --An injury to the brain and its associated
structures that is a direct result of impact to the head.
Secondary brain injury - --Answer --The "after effects" of the primary injury;
includes abnormal processes such as cerebral edema, increased intracranial
pressure, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, and infection; onset is often delayed
following the primary brain injury.
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,mass effect - --Answer --a phenomenon in which a focal lesion or contusion
causes surrounding area of the brain tissue or brain structures to be compressed
and injured due to the degree of space that leaking blood, CSF, or edema take up
within the restricted skull space
saccular aneurysm - --Answer --Bulge on side of vessel- accounts for a large
majority of cerebral aneurysms
fusiform aneurysm - --Answer --dilation of the entire circumference of the
artery
cerebral vasospasm - --Answer --when the blood vessels in the brain narrow,
thereby reducing blood flow to the brain and subsequent death of brain tissue
Anterior Communicating Artery - --Answer --connects Right and Left ACA
Middle cerebral Artery - --Answer --supplies the parietal and temporal lobes
Posterior Communicating Artery - --Answer --helps connect blood from the
anterior and posterior circulation
Posterior Cerebral Artery - --Answer --supplies the occipital lobe, thalamus,
and midbrain
Basilar Artery and Vertebral Artery - --Answer --supply blood to the brain
stem and cerebellum
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,Wernicke's area - --Answer --language comprehension (temporal lobe)
Broca's area - --Answer --speech production (frontal lobe)
dysarthria - --Answer --slurred speech and generally reflects poor motor
control of the muscles associated with speech and language
Cranial Nerve I - --Answer --Olfactory: Smell
Cranial Nerve II - --Answer --Optic Nerve: vision
Cranial Nerve III - --Answer --Oculomotor Nerve
Eye movement; pupil constriction
Cranial Nerve IV - --Answer --Trochlear Nerve; eye movement
Cranial Nerve V - --Answer --Trigeminal nerve; somatosensory info (touch,
pain) from the face and head; muscles for chewing
Cranial Nerve VI - --Answer --Abducens Nerve: eye movement
Cranial Nerve VII - --Answer --Facial Nerve: taste (ant. 2/3 of tongue);
somatosensory information from ear, controls muscles used in facial expression
Cranial Nerve VIII - --Answer --Vestibulocochlear nerve: hearing, balance
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
, Cranial Nerve IX - --Answer --Glossopharyngeal Nerve: taste (post 1/3 on
tongue); somatosensory information from tongue, tonsil, pharynx; controls some
muscles used in swallowing
Cranial Nerve X - --Answer --Vagus Nerve: Sensory motor and autonomic
functions (glands, digestion, hr)
Cranial Nerve XI - --Answer --Spinal Accessory Nerve: controls muscles
used in head movement
Cranial Nerve XII - --Answer --Hypoglossal Nerve: controls muscles of the
tongue
basal ganglia - --Answer --coordinating muscle movement
limbic system - --Answer --A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures
at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions
such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex.
Parts of the Lymbic System - --Answer --1. hypothalamus
2. amygdala
3. hippocampus
hypothalamus - --Answer --autonomic nervous system; main center for
control of body temp, circadian rhythm and body water osmolality
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 4
Answers
anoxia - --Answer --total depletion in the level of O2 although there is
adequate blood flow
hypoxia - --Answer --decrease in O2 levels despite adequate blood flow
necrotic pathway - --Answer --cell energy failure and rapid cytoskeletal
breakdown
apoptotic pathway - --Answer --programmed cell death
primary brain injury - --Answer --An injury to the brain and its associated
structures that is a direct result of impact to the head.
Secondary brain injury - --Answer --The "after effects" of the primary injury;
includes abnormal processes such as cerebral edema, increased intracranial
pressure, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, and infection; onset is often delayed
following the primary brain injury.
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,mass effect - --Answer --a phenomenon in which a focal lesion or contusion
causes surrounding area of the brain tissue or brain structures to be compressed
and injured due to the degree of space that leaking blood, CSF, or edema take up
within the restricted skull space
saccular aneurysm - --Answer --Bulge on side of vessel- accounts for a large
majority of cerebral aneurysms
fusiform aneurysm - --Answer --dilation of the entire circumference of the
artery
cerebral vasospasm - --Answer --when the blood vessels in the brain narrow,
thereby reducing blood flow to the brain and subsequent death of brain tissue
Anterior Communicating Artery - --Answer --connects Right and Left ACA
Middle cerebral Artery - --Answer --supplies the parietal and temporal lobes
Posterior Communicating Artery - --Answer --helps connect blood from the
anterior and posterior circulation
Posterior Cerebral Artery - --Answer --supplies the occipital lobe, thalamus,
and midbrain
Basilar Artery and Vertebral Artery - --Answer --supply blood to the brain
stem and cerebellum
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
,Wernicke's area - --Answer --language comprehension (temporal lobe)
Broca's area - --Answer --speech production (frontal lobe)
dysarthria - --Answer --slurred speech and generally reflects poor motor
control of the muscles associated with speech and language
Cranial Nerve I - --Answer --Olfactory: Smell
Cranial Nerve II - --Answer --Optic Nerve: vision
Cranial Nerve III - --Answer --Oculomotor Nerve
Eye movement; pupil constriction
Cranial Nerve IV - --Answer --Trochlear Nerve; eye movement
Cranial Nerve V - --Answer --Trigeminal nerve; somatosensory info (touch,
pain) from the face and head; muscles for chewing
Cranial Nerve VI - --Answer --Abducens Nerve: eye movement
Cranial Nerve VII - --Answer --Facial Nerve: taste (ant. 2/3 of tongue);
somatosensory information from ear, controls muscles used in facial expression
Cranial Nerve VIII - --Answer --Vestibulocochlear nerve: hearing, balance
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
, Cranial Nerve IX - --Answer --Glossopharyngeal Nerve: taste (post 1/3 on
tongue); somatosensory information from tongue, tonsil, pharynx; controls some
muscles used in swallowing
Cranial Nerve X - --Answer --Vagus Nerve: Sensory motor and autonomic
functions (glands, digestion, hr)
Cranial Nerve XI - --Answer --Spinal Accessory Nerve: controls muscles
used in head movement
Cranial Nerve XII - --Answer --Hypoglossal Nerve: controls muscles of the
tongue
basal ganglia - --Answer --coordinating muscle movement
limbic system - --Answer --A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures
at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions
such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex.
Parts of the Lymbic System - --Answer --1. hypothalamus
2. amygdala
3. hippocampus
hypothalamus - --Answer --autonomic nervous system; main center for
control of body temp, circadian rhythm and body water osmolality
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 4
