WGU D564 Theories of Personality
• Which personality traits did Hans Eysenck propose in his biological model?:
Psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism
• Which Big Five personality trait is associated with helping behaviors andaltruism?:
Agreeableness
• Which assumption of personality theories did Walter Mischel challenge?-
: That behaviors are consistent across different contexts
• What do the first four levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs have incommon?: They are
based on deficiency motivation.
• Which theorist proposed a system of psychological counseling calledclient-centered
therapy?: Rogers
• How does Freud explain the individual personality differences between people?:
Personalities are influenced by the use of ego defense mechanisms, whichresults in different
behaviors.
• Which issue is related to personality development?: How personality isinfluenced by
heredity
• What is a component of personality?: Long-standing traits
• Which characteristic is associated with experimentation as a method for personality
research?: It puts hypothesized cause-effect relationships to a directtest.
• Which individual first proposed the major concepts of the psychoanalytic model of
personality?: Sigmund Freud
• Which individual first proposed a theory about personality in the form of archetypes?: Carl
Jung
• Psychodynamic Lense:
• adaptation and adjustment: the process of modifying one's behavior and mind-set to fit into
society and effectively manage life's challenges
• biological influences: factors related to a person's genetics and physiologicalaspects that
contribute to their personality development
• cognitive processes: mental activities such as thinking, reasoning, and per-ception, which
play a crucial role in shaping personality
• conscious experience and thought: awareness of one's thoughts and feel-ings, considered
important in Adler's psychology
• individual differences: variations in personality, behavior, and motivationsamong
individuals
,• trust versus mistrust: trust (or mistrust) that basic needs, such as nourishmentand affection,
will be met
• autonomy versus shame/doubt: sense of independence in many tasks devel-ops
• initiative versus guilt: take initiative on some activities, may develop guilt whensuccess not
met or boundaries overstepped
• industry versus inferiority: develop self-confidence in abilities when compe-tent or sense
of inferiority when not
• identity versus. confusion: experiment with and develop identity and roles
• intimacy versus isolation: establish intimacy and relationships with others
• generativity versus stagnation: strive to create and nurture things that will outlast them,
often by having children or creating a positive change that benefitsothers
• integrity versus despair: reflect on life, accept its meaning, and come to termswith
mortality
• Trust vs. mistrust: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 1
0-1 yrs
Trust (or mistrust) that basic needs, such as nourishment and affection, will be met
• Autonomy vs. shame/doubt: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 2
1-3 yrs
Sense of independence in many tasks develops
• Initiative vs. guilt: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 3
3-6 yrs
Take initiative on some activities, may develop guilt when success not met orboundaries
overstepped
• Industry vs. inferiority: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 4
7-11 yrs
Develop self-confidence in abilities when competent or sense of inferiority when not
• Identity vs. confusion: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 5
12-18 yrs
Experiment with and develop identity and roles
• Intimacy vs. isolation: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 6
19-29 yrs
, Establish intimacy and relationships with others
• Generativity vs. stagnation: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 7
30-64
Contribute to society and be part of a family
• Integrity vs. despair: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 8
65+ yrs
Assess and make sense of life and meaning of contributions
• basic anxiety: fundamental emotions of childhood resulting from needs notbeing met,
such as childhood experiences of loneliness and isolation
• moving against people: a coping style that involves aggression and assertive-ness in
response to childhood experiences of an unhappy home situation
• moving away from people: a coping style characterized by detachment andisolation in
adulthood
• moving toward people: a coping style that relies on affiliation and depen-dence, where
individuals seek attention and affection as a relief from anxiety
• object relations theory: a psychoanalytic approach based on Freud's notion that mothers
and other persons serve as the "objects" through which drives can be satisfied, influencing
personality development
• What coping style do children use to handle their anxiety by withdrawing from the world,
according to Horney?: Detachment and isolation
• Which common misconception exists about psychodynamic theories?: -
Psychodynamic theories focus only on aggressive and sexual instincts.
• Big Five: a model of personality that includes five major dimensions—neuroti- cism,
extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness—on whicheach person is scored
• description: how people characterize an individual's personality, examining dif-ferences
between people
• development: how an individual's personality changes over their lifetime, influ-enced by
biological factors and experiences
• factors: quantitative dimensions used to describe personality encompassing abroad range of
behaviors and often have underlying biological variables
• individual differences: how people differ in terms of their personality traits,behaviors, and
characteristics
• personality: enduring traits and behaviors that define individuals and contributeto their
uniqueness
• Which personality traits did Hans Eysenck propose in his biological model?:
Psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism
• Which Big Five personality trait is associated with helping behaviors andaltruism?:
Agreeableness
• Which assumption of personality theories did Walter Mischel challenge?-
: That behaviors are consistent across different contexts
• What do the first four levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs have incommon?: They are
based on deficiency motivation.
• Which theorist proposed a system of psychological counseling calledclient-centered
therapy?: Rogers
• How does Freud explain the individual personality differences between people?:
Personalities are influenced by the use of ego defense mechanisms, whichresults in different
behaviors.
• Which issue is related to personality development?: How personality isinfluenced by
heredity
• What is a component of personality?: Long-standing traits
• Which characteristic is associated with experimentation as a method for personality
research?: It puts hypothesized cause-effect relationships to a directtest.
• Which individual first proposed the major concepts of the psychoanalytic model of
personality?: Sigmund Freud
• Which individual first proposed a theory about personality in the form of archetypes?: Carl
Jung
• Psychodynamic Lense:
• adaptation and adjustment: the process of modifying one's behavior and mind-set to fit into
society and effectively manage life's challenges
• biological influences: factors related to a person's genetics and physiologicalaspects that
contribute to their personality development
• cognitive processes: mental activities such as thinking, reasoning, and per-ception, which
play a crucial role in shaping personality
• conscious experience and thought: awareness of one's thoughts and feel-ings, considered
important in Adler's psychology
• individual differences: variations in personality, behavior, and motivationsamong
individuals
,• trust versus mistrust: trust (or mistrust) that basic needs, such as nourishmentand affection,
will be met
• autonomy versus shame/doubt: sense of independence in many tasks devel-ops
• initiative versus guilt: take initiative on some activities, may develop guilt whensuccess not
met or boundaries overstepped
• industry versus inferiority: develop self-confidence in abilities when compe-tent or sense
of inferiority when not
• identity versus. confusion: experiment with and develop identity and roles
• intimacy versus isolation: establish intimacy and relationships with others
• generativity versus stagnation: strive to create and nurture things that will outlast them,
often by having children or creating a positive change that benefitsothers
• integrity versus despair: reflect on life, accept its meaning, and come to termswith
mortality
• Trust vs. mistrust: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 1
0-1 yrs
Trust (or mistrust) that basic needs, such as nourishment and affection, will be met
• Autonomy vs. shame/doubt: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 2
1-3 yrs
Sense of independence in many tasks develops
• Initiative vs. guilt: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 3
3-6 yrs
Take initiative on some activities, may develop guilt when success not met orboundaries
overstepped
• Industry vs. inferiority: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 4
7-11 yrs
Develop self-confidence in abilities when competent or sense of inferiority when not
• Identity vs. confusion: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 5
12-18 yrs
Experiment with and develop identity and roles
• Intimacy vs. isolation: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 6
19-29 yrs
, Establish intimacy and relationships with others
• Generativity vs. stagnation: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 7
30-64
Contribute to society and be part of a family
• Integrity vs. despair: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentStage 8
65+ yrs
Assess and make sense of life and meaning of contributions
• basic anxiety: fundamental emotions of childhood resulting from needs notbeing met,
such as childhood experiences of loneliness and isolation
• moving against people: a coping style that involves aggression and assertive-ness in
response to childhood experiences of an unhappy home situation
• moving away from people: a coping style characterized by detachment andisolation in
adulthood
• moving toward people: a coping style that relies on affiliation and depen-dence, where
individuals seek attention and affection as a relief from anxiety
• object relations theory: a psychoanalytic approach based on Freud's notion that mothers
and other persons serve as the "objects" through which drives can be satisfied, influencing
personality development
• What coping style do children use to handle their anxiety by withdrawing from the world,
according to Horney?: Detachment and isolation
• Which common misconception exists about psychodynamic theories?: -
Psychodynamic theories focus only on aggressive and sexual instincts.
• Big Five: a model of personality that includes five major dimensions—neuroti- cism,
extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness—on whicheach person is scored
• description: how people characterize an individual's personality, examining dif-ferences
between people
• development: how an individual's personality changes over their lifetime, influ-enced by
biological factors and experiences
• factors: quantitative dimensions used to describe personality encompassing abroad range of
behaviors and often have underlying biological variables
• individual differences: how people differ in terms of their personality traits,behaviors, and
characteristics
• personality: enduring traits and behaviors that define individuals and contributeto their
uniqueness
