WGU D564 Theories of Personality Pre-Assessment
1. How are different levels of needs satisfied, according to Maslow?: Needs are satisfied
differently across individuals because people's needs are satisfied bydifferent events.
2. Who described types of traits as abilities, temperaments, and dynamics?-
: Raymond Cattell
3. How does Maslow's hierarchy of needs lead to happiness and serenity?: By easing stagnation
through striving toward new levels
4. Which statement describes how the theoretical issue of biological in- fluences is
addressed by the personological approach to personality?: Allbehavior is influenced by
heredity in some form.
5. How would a store use Maslow's hierarchy of needs to sell high-end luxuryproducts?: Focus
on mid-level esteem needs.
6. Which individual is engaged in intrinsic striving?: Someone who works hardbecause they
enjoy the work they are doing
7. A therapist conducts research on resiliency and active coping of people following a natural
disaster. Which perspective of psychology is included intheir study?: Positive psychology
8. Which therapeutic action fosters feelings of acceptance by the client, according to
Rogers?: The therapist demonstrates unconditional positive regardfor the client.
9. A person is loud and outgoing when at home with their family. When the person is at
work or with friends, they are much quieter and reserved. What isthe theoretical perspective of
personality that would focus on how the personlearned to respond differently in the two
settings?: Behavioral
10. Which factor has been linked to difficulty with impulse control, accordingto Mischel?:
High stress levels
11. What did the personality coefficient suggest to Mischel about the relation- ship between
personality and behavior?: Personality does not predict variabilityin behavior.
12. What information does a stimulus-outcome expectancy provide?: Whatcould occur in a
given environment
13. What important information was revealed by Mischel's delay of gratifica-tion study?:
Successful impulse control is based on the maturity of frontal lobe function.
14. How is the consistency paradox useful in describing behavior based on personality traits?:
By noting that despite the stability of a person's personality, traits do not predict their behavior
in all situations
15. Which statement describes a component of the social-cognitive view ofdelayed
gratification?: In order to delay gratification, cognition overcomes an emotional system.
16. Which statement identifies an important concept of cognitive social learn-ing theory when
, examining differences in personality?: People vary in their stimulus-outcome expectancies.
17. What is an important concept in the study of personality that is associatedwith the social-
cognitive perspective?: A person's emotions are an important factor in determining behavior.
18. What do efficacy expectancies determine in the observational learningprocess?: Whether
a person is able to perform the watched behavior
19. How do cognitive person variables affect one's behavior, according to Mischel?: They
allow a person to unconsciously adapt their behavior to a situationin a way that adheres to
societal norms.
20. What is motivation in the context of personality?: The stimuli that encourageone to start
or stop a particular behavior
21. Which model studies the components of personality in individuals one at atime?: The
idiographic approach
22. Which statement describes a case study as a tool in personality research?-
: It involves intensive and direct investigations of single individuals.
23. A professor discusses the role of heredity in personality development, pointing to innate
tendencies toward some aspects of personality. What arethese innate tendencies called?:
Temperament
24. Which term describes a group who display common personality character-istics?: A type
25. A researcher criticizes a popular theory of personality because its basic tenets cannot be
demonstrated as false using scientific approaches. Whichimportant criterion does this theory
lack?: Verifiability
26. Which fundamental aspect of personality focuses on the motivation of aperson's
behavior?: Dynamics
27. Which personality functions did Jung refer to as "rational functions"?: -
Thinking and feeling
28. What are Freud's three levels of consciousness?: Conscious, preconscious,unconscious
29. Who proposed the concept of the inferiority complex?: Adler
30. Which person suggested that men have womb envy because of theirinability to give
birth?: Horney
31. Which of the five psychosexual stages is associated with the developmentof orderliness?:
Anal
32. Which theory of psychodynamics used psychological conflict and defense mechanisms to
explain psychological problems in adjustment?: Classical psy-choanalysis
33. How does Adler's theory address the theoretical issue of individual differ- ences?:
1. How are different levels of needs satisfied, according to Maslow?: Needs are satisfied
differently across individuals because people's needs are satisfied bydifferent events.
2. Who described types of traits as abilities, temperaments, and dynamics?-
: Raymond Cattell
3. How does Maslow's hierarchy of needs lead to happiness and serenity?: By easing stagnation
through striving toward new levels
4. Which statement describes how the theoretical issue of biological in- fluences is
addressed by the personological approach to personality?: Allbehavior is influenced by
heredity in some form.
5. How would a store use Maslow's hierarchy of needs to sell high-end luxuryproducts?: Focus
on mid-level esteem needs.
6. Which individual is engaged in intrinsic striving?: Someone who works hardbecause they
enjoy the work they are doing
7. A therapist conducts research on resiliency and active coping of people following a natural
disaster. Which perspective of psychology is included intheir study?: Positive psychology
8. Which therapeutic action fosters feelings of acceptance by the client, according to
Rogers?: The therapist demonstrates unconditional positive regardfor the client.
9. A person is loud and outgoing when at home with their family. When the person is at
work or with friends, they are much quieter and reserved. What isthe theoretical perspective of
personality that would focus on how the personlearned to respond differently in the two
settings?: Behavioral
10. Which factor has been linked to difficulty with impulse control, accordingto Mischel?:
High stress levels
11. What did the personality coefficient suggest to Mischel about the relation- ship between
personality and behavior?: Personality does not predict variabilityin behavior.
12. What information does a stimulus-outcome expectancy provide?: Whatcould occur in a
given environment
13. What important information was revealed by Mischel's delay of gratifica-tion study?:
Successful impulse control is based on the maturity of frontal lobe function.
14. How is the consistency paradox useful in describing behavior based on personality traits?:
By noting that despite the stability of a person's personality, traits do not predict their behavior
in all situations
15. Which statement describes a component of the social-cognitive view ofdelayed
gratification?: In order to delay gratification, cognition overcomes an emotional system.
16. Which statement identifies an important concept of cognitive social learn-ing theory when
, examining differences in personality?: People vary in their stimulus-outcome expectancies.
17. What is an important concept in the study of personality that is associatedwith the social-
cognitive perspective?: A person's emotions are an important factor in determining behavior.
18. What do efficacy expectancies determine in the observational learningprocess?: Whether
a person is able to perform the watched behavior
19. How do cognitive person variables affect one's behavior, according to Mischel?: They
allow a person to unconsciously adapt their behavior to a situationin a way that adheres to
societal norms.
20. What is motivation in the context of personality?: The stimuli that encourageone to start
or stop a particular behavior
21. Which model studies the components of personality in individuals one at atime?: The
idiographic approach
22. Which statement describes a case study as a tool in personality research?-
: It involves intensive and direct investigations of single individuals.
23. A professor discusses the role of heredity in personality development, pointing to innate
tendencies toward some aspects of personality. What arethese innate tendencies called?:
Temperament
24. Which term describes a group who display common personality character-istics?: A type
25. A researcher criticizes a popular theory of personality because its basic tenets cannot be
demonstrated as false using scientific approaches. Whichimportant criterion does this theory
lack?: Verifiability
26. Which fundamental aspect of personality focuses on the motivation of aperson's
behavior?: Dynamics
27. Which personality functions did Jung refer to as "rational functions"?: -
Thinking and feeling
28. What are Freud's three levels of consciousness?: Conscious, preconscious,unconscious
29. Who proposed the concept of the inferiority complex?: Adler
30. Which person suggested that men have womb envy because of theirinability to give
birth?: Horney
31. Which of the five psychosexual stages is associated with the developmentof orderliness?:
Anal
32. Which theory of psychodynamics used psychological conflict and defense mechanisms to
explain psychological problems in adjustment?: Classical psy-choanalysis
33. How does Adler's theory address the theoretical issue of individual differ- ences?:
