Research methods N262B midterm
review Questions And 100% Correct
Answers (2025-2026) Updated.
When implementing a new, evidence-based infection control regimen, which should constitute
the final step in the nurses' EBP?
a. calculating the cost savings that will be realized by using the new regimen
b. sharing their experience with other healthcare professional
c. implementing enforcement measures to ensure compliance with the new regimen
d. conducting a meta-analysis of other infection control measures - Answer b. Sharing their
experience with other healthcare professionals
(Explanation: The final step in the EBP process is dissemination of the outcomes of the change.
Financial considerations & enforcement measure are not components of the EBP process, and a
meta-analysis would have been conducted much earlier in the process.)
Which of the following is emphasized by the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Evidence-
Based medicine?
a. Ensuring that external evidence, rather than internal evidence, is integrated into care
b. Fostering the level of learning that exists in the American healthcare system.
c. Issuing clinical guidelines to ensure best nursing practices
d. comparing the implementation of EBP in the US with that of other Western countries -
Answer b. Fostering the level of learning that exists in the American healthcare system
(Explanation: The Roundtable is charged w accelerating the progress toward a learning
healthcare system, generating new evidence to support which healthcare strategies are most
effective, and improving public health awareness and understanding about EBP. Comparison w
other countries, issuing specific practice guidelines, and denigrating internal evidence are not
components of its role
In the process of advocating for EBP in the unit guidelines, a nurse has met with skepticism from
other members of the nursing staff, with several stating, "Evidence-based practice is good in
theory, but it's almost impossible to actually search hundreds of journals & find the evidence."
What could the nurse recommend?
a. Self-reflection on the nurses' current practices
b. Accessing the Cochrane Library
c. contacting the clinical nurse educator on the unit
,measures but do not necessarily advance the cause of EBP. It would be inappropriate to
recommend lay publications as a source of evidence.
The primary care provider of a 49 yo male client has examined and briefly explained the
evidence that supports beginning regular digital rectal exams. Which of the following factors
would justify not performing digital rectal exams in this client's care?
a. The client is vehemently opposed to undergoing digital rectal exams
b. clinical practice guidelines for prostate care have not been published
c. the clinician has been unable to find any large RCTs in a literature review
d. the clinician has previously waited until clients are 55 to begin regular digital rectal exams. -
Answer a. The client is vehemently opposed to undergoing digital rectal exams
(Explanation: Pt preference, such as opposition to a particular assessment or intervention,
should be implemented in clinical decision making. The lack of a large RCT or clinical practice
guidelines does not independently justify rejecting the assessment. Likewise, the clinician's
previous practice traditions do not provide sound justification.
Which of the following clinical questions demonstrates understanding of and best exemplifies
the PICOT format?
a. what effect does parent's smoking have on the smoking habits of their children, aged 13-16?
b. Among pts w cancer, what role does meditation, as compared with the use of
benzodiazepines, have on anxiety levels during the 7 days following hospital admission?
c. Among undergrad college students, what is the effectiveness of a sexual health campaign
undertaken during the first 4 weeks of the fall semester as measured by incidence of new
gonorrheal and clamydinl infections reported to the campus med. center?
d. In clients aged 8-12, is the effectiveness of a pain scale using faces superior to a numeric
rating scale in the ER context? - Answer b. Among pts w cancer, what role does meditation, as
compared with the use of benzodiazepines, have on anxiety levels during the 7 days following
hospital admission?
(Explanation: Only the answer concerning pts w cancer contains the PICOT elements of Patient
population, Intervention or Issue of interest, Comparison intervention or group, Outcome, and
Time frame. The answer concerning smoking lacks and intervention, comparison, or time frame
while the answer concerning undergraduate college students lacks a comparison. The answer
concerning clients aged 8 - 12 lacks a specific outcome or time frame.
1. A new administrator for a health clinic is concerned that some treatments are not as effective
as they could be. After conducting a survey among the staff, it is discovered that the general
consensus is the EBP process is not effective. Which of the following would be the best step for
the administrator to do next?
, d. assign small focus groups to research EBP to implement. - Answer b. Present real-case
scenarios in which EBP resulted in better care and long-term results.
(Explanation: Healthcare providers who do not believe EBP results in improved care and client
outcomes need to be exposed to real-case scenarios in which evidence-based care resulted in
better outcomes than care steeped in traditional practices. If the staff does not believe it will be
a benefit, they will not be receptive to the changes or implement them. Leaving the current
treatments in place does not benefit the clients in the long term.
Which of the following factors provides the most important rationale for the consistent
implementations of EBP?
a. EBP provides for the most cost-effective client care
b. EBP is accessible to all healthcare clinicians
c. EBP provides consistency in care across healthcare settings
d. EBP improves client outcomes - Answer d.. EBP improves client outcomes
(Explanations: The goal of health care is to improve the lives of the clients by either helping
them maintain good health or helping them heal. While EBP does contribute to all choices, the
most important is to improve client outcome. )
A nursing supervisor is encouraging the increased use of EBP. Part of the plan is to encourage
searching for appropriate reports to reference. This nurse is encouraging which of the following
components of EBP?
a. Patient preference
b. internal evidence
c. external evidence
d External evidence - Answer d. External evidence
(Explanation: External evidence refers to the most relevant & best research. Internal evidence
comes from one's own clinical expertise & outcomes of projects that are conducted by the
facility. Pt preference & value is the third component inherent to the definition of EBP.
Which of the following should occur first in the steps of EBP?
a. conducting an electronic search of the literature and ranking individual sources
b. creating buy-in from the other clinicians who provide care at the facility
c. Developing an inquisitive & curious mindset
d. assessing whether the practices in question may, in fact, be evidence based - Answer a.
Developing an inquisitive & curious mindset
review Questions And 100% Correct
Answers (2025-2026) Updated.
When implementing a new, evidence-based infection control regimen, which should constitute
the final step in the nurses' EBP?
a. calculating the cost savings that will be realized by using the new regimen
b. sharing their experience with other healthcare professional
c. implementing enforcement measures to ensure compliance with the new regimen
d. conducting a meta-analysis of other infection control measures - Answer b. Sharing their
experience with other healthcare professionals
(Explanation: The final step in the EBP process is dissemination of the outcomes of the change.
Financial considerations & enforcement measure are not components of the EBP process, and a
meta-analysis would have been conducted much earlier in the process.)
Which of the following is emphasized by the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Evidence-
Based medicine?
a. Ensuring that external evidence, rather than internal evidence, is integrated into care
b. Fostering the level of learning that exists in the American healthcare system.
c. Issuing clinical guidelines to ensure best nursing practices
d. comparing the implementation of EBP in the US with that of other Western countries -
Answer b. Fostering the level of learning that exists in the American healthcare system
(Explanation: The Roundtable is charged w accelerating the progress toward a learning
healthcare system, generating new evidence to support which healthcare strategies are most
effective, and improving public health awareness and understanding about EBP. Comparison w
other countries, issuing specific practice guidelines, and denigrating internal evidence are not
components of its role
In the process of advocating for EBP in the unit guidelines, a nurse has met with skepticism from
other members of the nursing staff, with several stating, "Evidence-based practice is good in
theory, but it's almost impossible to actually search hundreds of journals & find the evidence."
What could the nurse recommend?
a. Self-reflection on the nurses' current practices
b. Accessing the Cochrane Library
c. contacting the clinical nurse educator on the unit
,measures but do not necessarily advance the cause of EBP. It would be inappropriate to
recommend lay publications as a source of evidence.
The primary care provider of a 49 yo male client has examined and briefly explained the
evidence that supports beginning regular digital rectal exams. Which of the following factors
would justify not performing digital rectal exams in this client's care?
a. The client is vehemently opposed to undergoing digital rectal exams
b. clinical practice guidelines for prostate care have not been published
c. the clinician has been unable to find any large RCTs in a literature review
d. the clinician has previously waited until clients are 55 to begin regular digital rectal exams. -
Answer a. The client is vehemently opposed to undergoing digital rectal exams
(Explanation: Pt preference, such as opposition to a particular assessment or intervention,
should be implemented in clinical decision making. The lack of a large RCT or clinical practice
guidelines does not independently justify rejecting the assessment. Likewise, the clinician's
previous practice traditions do not provide sound justification.
Which of the following clinical questions demonstrates understanding of and best exemplifies
the PICOT format?
a. what effect does parent's smoking have on the smoking habits of their children, aged 13-16?
b. Among pts w cancer, what role does meditation, as compared with the use of
benzodiazepines, have on anxiety levels during the 7 days following hospital admission?
c. Among undergrad college students, what is the effectiveness of a sexual health campaign
undertaken during the first 4 weeks of the fall semester as measured by incidence of new
gonorrheal and clamydinl infections reported to the campus med. center?
d. In clients aged 8-12, is the effectiveness of a pain scale using faces superior to a numeric
rating scale in the ER context? - Answer b. Among pts w cancer, what role does meditation, as
compared with the use of benzodiazepines, have on anxiety levels during the 7 days following
hospital admission?
(Explanation: Only the answer concerning pts w cancer contains the PICOT elements of Patient
population, Intervention or Issue of interest, Comparison intervention or group, Outcome, and
Time frame. The answer concerning smoking lacks and intervention, comparison, or time frame
while the answer concerning undergraduate college students lacks a comparison. The answer
concerning clients aged 8 - 12 lacks a specific outcome or time frame.
1. A new administrator for a health clinic is concerned that some treatments are not as effective
as they could be. After conducting a survey among the staff, it is discovered that the general
consensus is the EBP process is not effective. Which of the following would be the best step for
the administrator to do next?
, d. assign small focus groups to research EBP to implement. - Answer b. Present real-case
scenarios in which EBP resulted in better care and long-term results.
(Explanation: Healthcare providers who do not believe EBP results in improved care and client
outcomes need to be exposed to real-case scenarios in which evidence-based care resulted in
better outcomes than care steeped in traditional practices. If the staff does not believe it will be
a benefit, they will not be receptive to the changes or implement them. Leaving the current
treatments in place does not benefit the clients in the long term.
Which of the following factors provides the most important rationale for the consistent
implementations of EBP?
a. EBP provides for the most cost-effective client care
b. EBP is accessible to all healthcare clinicians
c. EBP provides consistency in care across healthcare settings
d. EBP improves client outcomes - Answer d.. EBP improves client outcomes
(Explanations: The goal of health care is to improve the lives of the clients by either helping
them maintain good health or helping them heal. While EBP does contribute to all choices, the
most important is to improve client outcome. )
A nursing supervisor is encouraging the increased use of EBP. Part of the plan is to encourage
searching for appropriate reports to reference. This nurse is encouraging which of the following
components of EBP?
a. Patient preference
b. internal evidence
c. external evidence
d External evidence - Answer d. External evidence
(Explanation: External evidence refers to the most relevant & best research. Internal evidence
comes from one's own clinical expertise & outcomes of projects that are conducted by the
facility. Pt preference & value is the third component inherent to the definition of EBP.
Which of the following should occur first in the steps of EBP?
a. conducting an electronic search of the literature and ranking individual sources
b. creating buy-in from the other clinicians who provide care at the facility
c. Developing an inquisitive & curious mindset
d. assessing whether the practices in question may, in fact, be evidence based - Answer a.
Developing an inquisitive & curious mindset
