Clinical Pathophysiology Exam 1 LCON McGowen Questions with Detailed Verified Answers

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Clinical Pathophysiology Exam 1 LCON
McGowen Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers

Question:Is atrophy reversible?


Ans: Yes


Question: Whats is Atrophy?


Ans: cell decreases in size because demand decreases


"You don't use it, you loose it!"


Question: What are the five causes of cell atrophy?


Ans: 1. Disuse


2. Ischemia (inadequate blood supply to organ/body part)


3. Endocrine dysfunction


4. Persistent cell injury


5. Aging


Question: What is hypertrophy?

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Ans: cell increases in size because demand increases


Question: Hypertrophy can either be....


Ans: -physiologic (normal)


-pathologic (abnormal)


Question: Examples of physiologic hypertrophy?


Ans: -weight lifting


Question: Examples of pathologic hypertrophy?


Ans: -an enlarged organ


Question: What is hyperplasia?


Ans: -increased number of cells


Question: Hyperplasia can be....


Ans: -Physiologic


-Pathologic


Question: Example of physiologic hyperplasia

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Ans: Breast enlargement during puberty


Question: example of pathologic hyperplasia


Ans: enlargement of prostate gland


Question: What is metaplasia?


Ans: replacement of one cell type with another


Question: Is metaplasia reversible or irreversible?


Ans: reversible


Question: *replaces one cell with another cell
1. Cell remains same basic tissue type
2. Usually occurs in response to Chronic irritation and inflammation
3. Reversible


Ans: Metaplasia


Question: What is Dysplasia?


Ans: Cell mutates with abnormal variations in size, shape and arrangement


Question: *Cells mutate with abnormal variations in SIZE, SHAPE, and
ARRANGEMENT
1. Abnormal
2. May be reversible

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3. Strong precursor for cancer


Ans: Dysplasia


Question: What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?


Ans: Hypoxic injury


Question: Results From:
-Reduced amount of O2 in the air
-Loss of hemoglobin or decreased efficacy of Hemoglobin
-Decreased production of RBC (anemia)
-Poisoning of the oxidative enzymes within the cells


Ans: Hypoxic injury


Question: Most common cause of Hypoxic injury?


Ans: Ishcemia (blood flow stops from heart attack, stroke, blood clot, gradual
narrowing of arteries, ect.)


Question: what is an Ischemia-reperflusion injury?


Ans: when there is much oxygen in an area without oxygen there will be too
many free radicals in a cell causing the cell to implode.


EX: opening a blood clot too soon.


Question: What are free radicals and reactive oxygen species?