Genetics Exam 1: Chapters 1-5 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Human Genome Project - CORRECT ANSWER - 1987
Haploid-3 bil base pairs, Diploid-6 bil
DNA length is 2 meters long
Improvements in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, molecular medicine
Risk assessment-environmental pollutions
Bioarcheology, anthropology, evolution
Genetics - CORRECT ANSWER - study of heredity and variation
Gene - CORRECT ANSWER - functional unit of heredity and linear sequence that codes
for functional polypeptides
Structure Genes - CORRECT ANSWER - code for different types of RNA
Central Dogma - CORRECT ANSWER - way info is passed on from DNA to RNA to
protein
Protein - CORRECT ANSWER - AA sequence
tool of gene expression
Gene expression - CORRECT ANSWER - process in which info present in a gene is used
to change characteristic of cell or organism 2 steps: transcription-making a copy to mRNA
Translation-in the cytosol and info converted from mRNA to AA sequence
Morphological/Physiological/Behavioral
,Traits - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Affects appearance of organism (flower color)
2. Capacity to function (metabolize sugar)
3. Affects response of organism to environment (mating call)
Morphs - CORRECT ANSWER - Contrasting versions within the same species
ex: panther vs jaguar
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER - accumulation of changes (mutations) over time
Gene Variation : 3 types - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Gene mutations (in alleles)
2. Change in chromosome structure : (chromosome apparition, breaks, duplication, inversion)
3. Change in chromosome number-genomic mutation (polyploidy and downs syndrome)
Transmission Genetics - CORRECT ANSWER - first emergent field - the process by
which you inherit traits (mendel) and traits passed from one generation to the next, genetic
determinants passed as discrete units (genes)
Molecular Genetics - CORRECT ANSWER - most recent field of genetics-central dogma
and how defective genes yield disease
-biochemical understanding of hereditary material
genes yield features, organization function
Population Genetics - CORRECT ANSWER - why certain traits common in certain
environments, specific alleles creating speciation and also genetics behind evolution
4 reasons why mendel chose garden pea - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Short time betw.
fertilization and harvest
2. doesn't need much space
3. can be manipulated easily (cut off anther to so can opt for cross/self fertilization)
, 4. can get distinct varieties with specific traits
Mendel pure/true breeding - CORRECT ANSWER - 9 generations of self fertilization to
obtain pure breeder- could produce the same trait continuously through generations
7 traits Mendel studied - CORRECT ANSWER - height, seed shape, flower position, seed
color, pod shape, pod color, flower color
7 alleles for the traits (name which is dominant) - CORRECT ANSWER - TALL vs dwarf
ROUND vs wrinkled
AXIAL vs terminal
YELLOW vs green seeds
SMOOTH vs constricted
GREEN vs yellow pods
PURPLE vs white flowers
Mendel's Empirical Approach - CORRECT ANSWER - based on observation and
experiences
thru quantification of observations, mendel determined laws of heredity and their mathematical
relationship
F1 - CORRECT ANSWER - first filial genration
Law of segregation - CORRECT ANSWER - Genetic determinants of a gene are two
copies that separate from each other during transmission from parent to offspring
Allele - CORRECT ANSWER - Different version of same gene
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Human Genome Project - CORRECT ANSWER - 1987
Haploid-3 bil base pairs, Diploid-6 bil
DNA length is 2 meters long
Improvements in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, molecular medicine
Risk assessment-environmental pollutions
Bioarcheology, anthropology, evolution
Genetics - CORRECT ANSWER - study of heredity and variation
Gene - CORRECT ANSWER - functional unit of heredity and linear sequence that codes
for functional polypeptides
Structure Genes - CORRECT ANSWER - code for different types of RNA
Central Dogma - CORRECT ANSWER - way info is passed on from DNA to RNA to
protein
Protein - CORRECT ANSWER - AA sequence
tool of gene expression
Gene expression - CORRECT ANSWER - process in which info present in a gene is used
to change characteristic of cell or organism 2 steps: transcription-making a copy to mRNA
Translation-in the cytosol and info converted from mRNA to AA sequence
Morphological/Physiological/Behavioral
,Traits - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Affects appearance of organism (flower color)
2. Capacity to function (metabolize sugar)
3. Affects response of organism to environment (mating call)
Morphs - CORRECT ANSWER - Contrasting versions within the same species
ex: panther vs jaguar
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER - accumulation of changes (mutations) over time
Gene Variation : 3 types - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Gene mutations (in alleles)
2. Change in chromosome structure : (chromosome apparition, breaks, duplication, inversion)
3. Change in chromosome number-genomic mutation (polyploidy and downs syndrome)
Transmission Genetics - CORRECT ANSWER - first emergent field - the process by
which you inherit traits (mendel) and traits passed from one generation to the next, genetic
determinants passed as discrete units (genes)
Molecular Genetics - CORRECT ANSWER - most recent field of genetics-central dogma
and how defective genes yield disease
-biochemical understanding of hereditary material
genes yield features, organization function
Population Genetics - CORRECT ANSWER - why certain traits common in certain
environments, specific alleles creating speciation and also genetics behind evolution
4 reasons why mendel chose garden pea - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Short time betw.
fertilization and harvest
2. doesn't need much space
3. can be manipulated easily (cut off anther to so can opt for cross/self fertilization)
, 4. can get distinct varieties with specific traits
Mendel pure/true breeding - CORRECT ANSWER - 9 generations of self fertilization to
obtain pure breeder- could produce the same trait continuously through generations
7 traits Mendel studied - CORRECT ANSWER - height, seed shape, flower position, seed
color, pod shape, pod color, flower color
7 alleles for the traits (name which is dominant) - CORRECT ANSWER - TALL vs dwarf
ROUND vs wrinkled
AXIAL vs terminal
YELLOW vs green seeds
SMOOTH vs constricted
GREEN vs yellow pods
PURPLE vs white flowers
Mendel's Empirical Approach - CORRECT ANSWER - based on observation and
experiences
thru quantification of observations, mendel determined laws of heredity and their mathematical
relationship
F1 - CORRECT ANSWER - first filial genration
Law of segregation - CORRECT ANSWER - Genetic determinants of a gene are two
copies that separate from each other during transmission from parent to offspring
Allele - CORRECT ANSWER - Different version of same gene
