EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hippocrates - ANS "Father of Medicine"
Isabel Adams Hampton-Robb - ANS Focused on the academics rather than clinically raised
standards of education in the U.S. She was an advocate for reducing long hours. She was the
first president of the ANA, and helped develop American Journal of Nursing.
Lillian Ward - ANS Opened the Henry Street Settlement (a storefront health clinic in a poorer
part of NYC. The nurses made home visits and focused on sanitary conditions and children's
health). She was an advocate for wellness education, Founded the National Organization for
Public health nursing, in 1912.
Lavinia Lloyd Dock - ANS Write the medical textbook for nurses. She addressed problems of
poverty and squalor. She was dedicated to the pursuit of equal rights. She spent of 20 years
fighting for women's rights to vote.
Annie W. Goodrich - ANS She ran multiple nursing schools throughout New York. In 1910,
she was appointed State Inspector of Nursing Schools (a position on physicians held), and was
the Dean of Nursing in the Army Nursing School, and Yale School of Nursing. She established a
nursing training program at Vassar College.
Loretta C. Ford - ANS Founded Nurse Practitioner (NP) Practice.
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,The Lamp - ANS Flame of Life, extinguished by death. The burning of the lamp symbolized
enlightenment that accompanies knowledge. Florence used the lamps during her rounds at
night.
The Nursing Pin - ANS During the crusades, Knight's hospitallers wore a white maltese cross
around their neck, showing they were skilled in treating injured soldiers.
The first modern nursing pin attributed to Nightingale, which was the blue cross with her head
in the middle. Each program designed a unique pin to represent values, philosophies, beliefs,
and goals.
The Cap - ANS A symbol of service to others. The first one was in 1874, primary used to keep
long hair out of the way. Each school designed their own. Separate ceremonies for pinning and
capping. Capping was after 6 months of classroom education. Signs of rank were first year,
white cap, 2nd year, vertical black band on the edge, and 3rd year, graduation, vertical band
removed and a black band across the front.
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - ANS Using research findings to guide nursing practice. It uses
statistical data to estimate the risk-benefit ratio.
Model - ANS Small copy, imitation, or design.
A generalized hypothetical description often based on an analogy used to explain something.
It can explain a complex reality in a systematic and organized manner.
Theory - ANS A mental viewing, proposed idea or plan, formulation of a relationship that
helps explain an observable phenomenon.
It helps to provide care in an organized manner.
Values - ANS Concepts, ideas, behaviors, and significant themes that give meaning to our
personal lives.
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, Morals - ANS Standards of right and wrong that are internalized by the process of learning
inherent in human socialization. They are often based on religious beliefs.
Ethics - ANS A system of valued behaviors and beliefs that declare what is right, wrong, and
what ought to be.
Autonomy - ANS Self-determination.
Patients have the right to make decisions for their care.
Beneficence - ANS Benefit to others, primary goals is to do good and avoid harm.
Nonmaleficence - ANS To do no harm to patients either intentionally or by accident.
Veracity - ANS Tell the truth.
When is it appropriate to breech confidentiality? - ANS Child or elder abuse, gunshot wound,
knife wound, rape, communicable diseases, suspected crimes.
Steps of the Nursing Process - ANS 1. Assess
2. Diagnose
3. Plan
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
Florence Nightingale - ANS "Founder of Nursing" During the Crimean War, she reduced
deaths from about 50% to almost 4%, by controlling the spread of bacteria. She was the first
person to elevate nursing to the status of profession.
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