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APUSH UNIT 4 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
Federalists - correct answer- Alexander Hamilton. Pro-British.
Strong federal government. Loose interpretation of the
constitution. Upperclass, merchants, bankers. Industrialists
Democratic-Republicans - correct answer- Jeffersonians.
Thomas Jefferson. Pro-French. State Rights. Strict
interpretation of the constitution. Lower/middle classes,
farmers. Agrarian/farmers.
Election of 1800 (revolution of 1800) - correct answer- John
Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson. Federalists feared Jefferson
would give power back to the states, dismantle the army,
overturn Hamilton's financial plans. Republicans thought that
the federalists would create a large standing army, impose
heavy taxes, use federal troops/courts to suppress dissent,
centralize power in the federal government and involve the US
in the European war on the side of Britain.
Thomas Jefferson--> change from federalists to democratic-
republicans. Elites--> commoners.
Era of Good Feeling - correct answer- 1817-1823.
Disappearance of federalists which allowed Democratic-
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Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan
harmony.
Democrats - correct answer- Andrew Jackson. The "common
man." Against the BUS (bank of the united states) and "elite"
organizations
Whig Party - correct answer- Henry Clay. Anti-Jackson. Strong
federal government. For internal improvements and BUS.
Midnight Judges - correct answer- 16 judges that were added
by the Judiciary Act of 1801 under John Adams (2nd
President). It would allow Federalists to maintain power in the
nation after they were a minority in congress.
John Marshall - correct answer- Appointed by John Adams as
Chief Justice in the Supreme Court. Federalist. Although he
dismissed the Marbury suit to avoid direct political showdown,
he said that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789, on which Marbury
tried to base his appeal, was unconstitutional--judicial review.
-McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, Gibbons v. Ogden,
Fletcher v. Peck, Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Barron v.
Baltimore
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Marbury vs. Madison (1803) - correct answer- William Marbury
sued for his commission as a judge because he had been
promised a job by Adams, but refused by Jefferson. Marshall
claimed that the Supreme OCurt cannot rule on the case and
ruled earlier Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional.
Established judicial review.
Judicial Review - correct answer- Court has the power to
determine the constitutionality. Strengthens the judiciary
branch.
McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) - correct answer- The courts
ruled that the states cannot tax the federal government (Bank
of the United States). The federal government is supreme to
the states (supremacy clause). Confirmed the constitutionality
of the Bank of the United States (elastic clause).
Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) - correct answer- Clarified the
commerce clause-- affirmed congressional power over
interstate commerce.
Market Economy - correct answer- Prices are determined
through supply and demand, not the government. Created by
Adam Smith.
APUSH UNIT 4 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
Federalists - correct answer- Alexander Hamilton. Pro-British.
Strong federal government. Loose interpretation of the
constitution. Upperclass, merchants, bankers. Industrialists
Democratic-Republicans - correct answer- Jeffersonians.
Thomas Jefferson. Pro-French. State Rights. Strict
interpretation of the constitution. Lower/middle classes,
farmers. Agrarian/farmers.
Election of 1800 (revolution of 1800) - correct answer- John
Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson. Federalists feared Jefferson
would give power back to the states, dismantle the army,
overturn Hamilton's financial plans. Republicans thought that
the federalists would create a large standing army, impose
heavy taxes, use federal troops/courts to suppress dissent,
centralize power in the federal government and involve the US
in the European war on the side of Britain.
Thomas Jefferson--> change from federalists to democratic-
republicans. Elites--> commoners.
Era of Good Feeling - correct answer- 1817-1823.
Disappearance of federalists which allowed Democratic-
,2 | Page
Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan
harmony.
Democrats - correct answer- Andrew Jackson. The "common
man." Against the BUS (bank of the united states) and "elite"
organizations
Whig Party - correct answer- Henry Clay. Anti-Jackson. Strong
federal government. For internal improvements and BUS.
Midnight Judges - correct answer- 16 judges that were added
by the Judiciary Act of 1801 under John Adams (2nd
President). It would allow Federalists to maintain power in the
nation after they were a minority in congress.
John Marshall - correct answer- Appointed by John Adams as
Chief Justice in the Supreme Court. Federalist. Although he
dismissed the Marbury suit to avoid direct political showdown,
he said that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789, on which Marbury
tried to base his appeal, was unconstitutional--judicial review.
-McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, Gibbons v. Ogden,
Fletcher v. Peck, Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Barron v.
Baltimore
, 3 | Page
Marbury vs. Madison (1803) - correct answer- William Marbury
sued for his commission as a judge because he had been
promised a job by Adams, but refused by Jefferson. Marshall
claimed that the Supreme OCurt cannot rule on the case and
ruled earlier Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional.
Established judicial review.
Judicial Review - correct answer- Court has the power to
determine the constitutionality. Strengthens the judiciary
branch.
McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) - correct answer- The courts
ruled that the states cannot tax the federal government (Bank
of the United States). The federal government is supreme to
the states (supremacy clause). Confirmed the constitutionality
of the Bank of the United States (elastic clause).
Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) - correct answer- Clarified the
commerce clause-- affirmed congressional power over
interstate commerce.
Market Economy - correct answer- Prices are determined
through supply and demand, not the government. Created by
Adam Smith.
